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FOUNDATIONS OF RESEARCH FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS
AS AT 3-MAY-2026 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS AND RATIONALES LATEST VERSION SOLVED
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS VERIFIED 100 %
Which of the following lists the four criteria of research?
Logical, useful, understandable, confirmable
Logical, predictive, understandable, trial and error
Systematic, confirmable, observable, useful
Logical, useful, understandable, confirmable
All the following fit a definition of research except which one?
It involves multiple systematic approaches.
It involves different thinking and action processes.
Four criteria characterize research.
It is any approach to learning new knowledge.
It is any approach to learning new knowledge.
Deductive reasoning is primarily used to do which of the following?
Uncover or reveal underlying multiple rules or patterns of behavior.
Describe, test, or predict the application of theory to a specific phenomenon.
Generate theory.
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Deductive reasoning is unrelated to theory.
Describe, test, or predict the application of theory to a specific phenomenon.
Quantitative/experimental-type research is based on the unifying philosophical
foundation of which of the following?
Humanism
Logical positivism
Phenomenology
Systems theory
Logical positivism
Which of the following lists 5 of the 10 essentials of research?
Frame a research problem, develop a specific question, develop a step-by-step
strategy, set study boundaries, analyze information and draw conclusions.
Frame a research problem, identify theory base, select a design strategy,
categorize research, analyze information and draw conclusions.
Identify philosophical foundation, determine supporting knowledge, determine
a theory, set study boundaries, analyze information and draw conclusions.
Identify philosophical foundation, identify theory base, select a design
strategy, obtain information, share and use research knowledge.
Identify philosophical foundation, identify theory base, select a design strategy,
obtain information, share and use research knowledge.
Epistemology is defined as ______________.
The true nature of knowledge
The way of knowing
The ethics of conducting research
the way of knowing
A primary aim of naturalistic inquiry is to reveal complexity.
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True
False
True
Selecting a design strategy is based on which of the following, except?
Personal comfort level
Purpose of study
Productivity
Level of knowledge development and scientific gaps
productivity
Inductive reasoning is based on the assumption that there is one truth that
must be uncovered.
True
False
False
"Human experience is complex and can not be understood by reductionism,
that is, only by identifying and examining its part". This philosophical
perspective belongs to experimental-type research.
True
False
false
Abstraction is defined as ________.
Symbolic representation of shared experience
Artistic
Nonrepresentational
Not real
Symbolic representation of shared experience
A concept is ___________.
A first-order abstraction
FOUNDATIONS OF RESEARCH FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS
AS AT 3-MAY-2026 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS AND RATIONALES LATEST VERSION SOLVED
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS VERIFIED 100 %
Which of the following lists the four criteria of research?
Logical, useful, understandable, confirmable
Logical, predictive, understandable, trial and error
Systematic, confirmable, observable, useful
Logical, useful, understandable, confirmable
All the following fit a definition of research except which one?
It involves multiple systematic approaches.
It involves different thinking and action processes.
Four criteria characterize research.
It is any approach to learning new knowledge.
It is any approach to learning new knowledge.
Deductive reasoning is primarily used to do which of the following?
Uncover or reveal underlying multiple rules or patterns of behavior.
Describe, test, or predict the application of theory to a specific phenomenon.
Generate theory.
, Page 2 of 23
Deductive reasoning is unrelated to theory.
Describe, test, or predict the application of theory to a specific phenomenon.
Quantitative/experimental-type research is based on the unifying philosophical
foundation of which of the following?
Humanism
Logical positivism
Phenomenology
Systems theory
Logical positivism
Which of the following lists 5 of the 10 essentials of research?
Frame a research problem, develop a specific question, develop a step-by-step
strategy, set study boundaries, analyze information and draw conclusions.
Frame a research problem, identify theory base, select a design strategy,
categorize research, analyze information and draw conclusions.
Identify philosophical foundation, determine supporting knowledge, determine
a theory, set study boundaries, analyze information and draw conclusions.
Identify philosophical foundation, identify theory base, select a design
strategy, obtain information, share and use research knowledge.
Identify philosophical foundation, identify theory base, select a design strategy,
obtain information, share and use research knowledge.
Epistemology is defined as ______________.
The true nature of knowledge
The way of knowing
The ethics of conducting research
the way of knowing
A primary aim of naturalistic inquiry is to reveal complexity.
, Page 3 of 23
True
False
True
Selecting a design strategy is based on which of the following, except?
Personal comfort level
Purpose of study
Productivity
Level of knowledge development and scientific gaps
productivity
Inductive reasoning is based on the assumption that there is one truth that
must be uncovered.
True
False
False
"Human experience is complex and can not be understood by reductionism,
that is, only by identifying and examining its part". This philosophical
perspective belongs to experimental-type research.
True
False
false
Abstraction is defined as ________.
Symbolic representation of shared experience
Artistic
Nonrepresentational
Not real
Symbolic representation of shared experience
A concept is ___________.
A first-order abstraction
