NBCE PART 1 PHYSIOLOGY EXAMINATION
STUDY SHEET 2026 VERIFIED QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS PRACTICE
SOLUTION
⩥ What structure does lower extremity drain into? Answer: Inferior vena
cava (IVC)
⩥ What drains the lumbars into the SVC? Answer: azygous vein
⩥ Which side of the body is the azygous vein located? Answer: - Right
side
- Hemiazygos will be on the left which drains to azygous to svc
⩥ What percentage of blood flows into the ventricles passively? Answer:
80%
⩥ What percentage of blood flow needs atrial contraction or P wave AV?
Answer: 20%
⩥ What are the name of the atrioventricular (AV) nodes and their
perspective sides? Answer: Tricuspid: Right
Mitral/Bicuspid: Left
,⩥ What is isovolumetric contraction? Answer: End of diastole around
120ml causing tricuspid or mitral valve to close
⩥ How many pulmonary arteries are there vs veins? Answer: - 2
pulmonary arteries
- 4 pulmonary veins
⩥ What two arteries in the body carry deoxygenated blood? Answer: -
Pulmonary arteries
- Umbilical arteries
⩥ What vessels are blown open during mid-systole? Answer: pulmonic
or aortic semilunar valves
⩥ What two veins carry oxygenated blood? Answer: - Pulmonary veins
- Umbilical vein
⩥ What does the Bohr effect do? Answer: Binds 4 oxygen molecules to
form hemoglobin
⩥ What is the pathway of blood through the heart? Answer: The
pathway of blood through the heart is:
- superior vena cava,
,- right atrium,
- tricuspid valve,
- right ventricle,
- lungs for oxygenation,
- pulmonary valve,
- left atrium,
- bicuspid valve,
- left ventricle,
- aortic valve,
- aorta.
⩥ Does depolarization happen before or after contraction? Answer:
Before
⩥ Where is the SA node (sinoatrial) located? Answer: Right atrium
⩥ Do both atrium contract from SA node? Answer: True
⩥ What is P wave? Answer: - atrial depolarization
- SA node in the crista terminalis of the right atrium
⩥ What is the average bpm for the SA node? Answer: 45 Bpm
, ⩥ What is P-R interval? Answer: AV nodal delay
⩥ What is R? Answer: isovolumetric contraction
⩥ Where do you find intercalated discs and gap junctions? Answer: -
Cardiac muscle or hear muscles
⩥ What are intercalated discs do? Answer: speed up communication
between atrium and ventricles
⩥ What is the fastest system in the heart? Answer: Purkinje system
⩥ What is the QRS complex? Answer: - ventricular depolarization
⩥ Where is atrial repolarization hidden? Answer: Under QRS complex
⩥ What happens during the T wave? Answer: ventricular repolarization
⩥ What is the S-T segment? Answer: isovolumetric repolarization
⩥ What pathology is associated with an inverted T wave or altered S-T
segment? Answer: Myocardial infarction/heart attack
STUDY SHEET 2026 VERIFIED QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS PRACTICE
SOLUTION
⩥ What structure does lower extremity drain into? Answer: Inferior vena
cava (IVC)
⩥ What drains the lumbars into the SVC? Answer: azygous vein
⩥ Which side of the body is the azygous vein located? Answer: - Right
side
- Hemiazygos will be on the left which drains to azygous to svc
⩥ What percentage of blood flows into the ventricles passively? Answer:
80%
⩥ What percentage of blood flow needs atrial contraction or P wave AV?
Answer: 20%
⩥ What are the name of the atrioventricular (AV) nodes and their
perspective sides? Answer: Tricuspid: Right
Mitral/Bicuspid: Left
,⩥ What is isovolumetric contraction? Answer: End of diastole around
120ml causing tricuspid or mitral valve to close
⩥ How many pulmonary arteries are there vs veins? Answer: - 2
pulmonary arteries
- 4 pulmonary veins
⩥ What two arteries in the body carry deoxygenated blood? Answer: -
Pulmonary arteries
- Umbilical arteries
⩥ What vessels are blown open during mid-systole? Answer: pulmonic
or aortic semilunar valves
⩥ What two veins carry oxygenated blood? Answer: - Pulmonary veins
- Umbilical vein
⩥ What does the Bohr effect do? Answer: Binds 4 oxygen molecules to
form hemoglobin
⩥ What is the pathway of blood through the heart? Answer: The
pathway of blood through the heart is:
- superior vena cava,
,- right atrium,
- tricuspid valve,
- right ventricle,
- lungs for oxygenation,
- pulmonary valve,
- left atrium,
- bicuspid valve,
- left ventricle,
- aortic valve,
- aorta.
⩥ Does depolarization happen before or after contraction? Answer:
Before
⩥ Where is the SA node (sinoatrial) located? Answer: Right atrium
⩥ Do both atrium contract from SA node? Answer: True
⩥ What is P wave? Answer: - atrial depolarization
- SA node in the crista terminalis of the right atrium
⩥ What is the average bpm for the SA node? Answer: 45 Bpm
, ⩥ What is P-R interval? Answer: AV nodal delay
⩥ What is R? Answer: isovolumetric contraction
⩥ Where do you find intercalated discs and gap junctions? Answer: -
Cardiac muscle or hear muscles
⩥ What are intercalated discs do? Answer: speed up communication
between atrium and ventricles
⩥ What is the fastest system in the heart? Answer: Purkinje system
⩥ What is the QRS complex? Answer: - ventricular depolarization
⩥ Where is atrial repolarization hidden? Answer: Under QRS complex
⩥ What happens during the T wave? Answer: ventricular repolarization
⩥ What is the S-T segment? Answer: isovolumetric repolarization
⩥ What pathology is associated with an inverted T wave or altered S-T
segment? Answer: Myocardial infarction/heart attack
