ADULT MEDICAL-SURGICAL NURSING EXAM
LATEST 2026 UPDATE 100 QUESTIONS AND
DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS FROM ACTUAL
EXAMS TEST GRADE A+
1.
A patient with heart failure is prescribed furosemide. Which finding indicates the
medication is effective?
A. Increased blood pressure
B. Decreased edema
C. Increased heart rate
D. Dry cough
Answer: B
Rationale: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that reduces fluid overload, so decreased
edema indicates effectiveness.
2.
Which electrolyte imbalance is most associated with loop diuretics?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypernatremia
D. Hypercalcemia
Answer: B
Rationale: Loop diuretics increase potassium loss in urine leading to hypokalemia.
3.
,A patient with COPD should be positioned in:
A. Supine position
B. Trendelenburg position
C. High Fowler’s position
D. Prone position
Answer: C
Rationale: High Fowler’s improves lung expansion and breathing in COPD patients.
4.
Which symptom is most characteristic of hypoglycemia?
A. Fruity breath
B. Sweating and tremors
C. Deep slow breathing
D. Dry skin
Answer: B
Rationale: Hypoglycemia activates the sympathetic nervous system causing
sweating and tremors.
5.
Normal urine output for an adult is:
A. 10 mL/hr
B. 20 mL/hr
C. 30 mL/hr
D. 60 mL/hr
Answer: C
Rationale: Normal adult urine output is at least 30 mL/hr.
6.
,Which sign is an early indication of shock?
A. Bradycardia
B. Hypotension
C. Tachycardia
D. Cyanosis
Answer: C
Rationale: Tachycardia is an early compensatory response in shock.
7.
The most common cause of peptic ulcer disease is:
A. Alcohol use
B. NSAIDs
C. Helicobacter pylori
D. Stress alone
Answer: C
Rationale: H. pylori infection is the primary cause of peptic ulcers.
8.
Which lab value indicates renal failure?
A. Low creatinine
B. Elevated BUN
C. Low potassium
D. Low sodium
Answer: B
Rationale: Elevated BUN indicates impaired kidney function.
9.
A priority nursing action for chest pain is:
A. Give antacids
, B. Apply oxygen
C. Encourage walking
D. Give laxatives
Answer: B
Rationale: Oxygen improves myocardial oxygenation during chest pain.
10.
Which condition requires airborne precautions?
A. Influenza
B. Tuberculosis
C. MRSA
D. Hepatitis B
Answer: B
Rationale: TB spreads via airborne droplets.
11.
A classic sign of appendicitis is:
A. Left upper quadrant pain
B. Right lower quadrant pain
C. Epigastric pain only
D. Flank pain
Answer: B
Rationale: Appendicitis typically presents with RLQ pain.
12.
Which insulin acts fastest?
A. NPH
B. Regular
C. Lispro
LATEST 2026 UPDATE 100 QUESTIONS AND
DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS FROM ACTUAL
EXAMS TEST GRADE A+
1.
A patient with heart failure is prescribed furosemide. Which finding indicates the
medication is effective?
A. Increased blood pressure
B. Decreased edema
C. Increased heart rate
D. Dry cough
Answer: B
Rationale: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that reduces fluid overload, so decreased
edema indicates effectiveness.
2.
Which electrolyte imbalance is most associated with loop diuretics?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypernatremia
D. Hypercalcemia
Answer: B
Rationale: Loop diuretics increase potassium loss in urine leading to hypokalemia.
3.
,A patient with COPD should be positioned in:
A. Supine position
B. Trendelenburg position
C. High Fowler’s position
D. Prone position
Answer: C
Rationale: High Fowler’s improves lung expansion and breathing in COPD patients.
4.
Which symptom is most characteristic of hypoglycemia?
A. Fruity breath
B. Sweating and tremors
C. Deep slow breathing
D. Dry skin
Answer: B
Rationale: Hypoglycemia activates the sympathetic nervous system causing
sweating and tremors.
5.
Normal urine output for an adult is:
A. 10 mL/hr
B. 20 mL/hr
C. 30 mL/hr
D. 60 mL/hr
Answer: C
Rationale: Normal adult urine output is at least 30 mL/hr.
6.
,Which sign is an early indication of shock?
A. Bradycardia
B. Hypotension
C. Tachycardia
D. Cyanosis
Answer: C
Rationale: Tachycardia is an early compensatory response in shock.
7.
The most common cause of peptic ulcer disease is:
A. Alcohol use
B. NSAIDs
C. Helicobacter pylori
D. Stress alone
Answer: C
Rationale: H. pylori infection is the primary cause of peptic ulcers.
8.
Which lab value indicates renal failure?
A. Low creatinine
B. Elevated BUN
C. Low potassium
D. Low sodium
Answer: B
Rationale: Elevated BUN indicates impaired kidney function.
9.
A priority nursing action for chest pain is:
A. Give antacids
, B. Apply oxygen
C. Encourage walking
D. Give laxatives
Answer: B
Rationale: Oxygen improves myocardial oxygenation during chest pain.
10.
Which condition requires airborne precautions?
A. Influenza
B. Tuberculosis
C. MRSA
D. Hepatitis B
Answer: B
Rationale: TB spreads via airborne droplets.
11.
A classic sign of appendicitis is:
A. Left upper quadrant pain
B. Right lower quadrant pain
C. Epigastric pain only
D. Flank pain
Answer: B
Rationale: Appendicitis typically presents with RLQ pain.
12.
Which insulin acts fastest?
A. NPH
B. Regular
C. Lispro
