Transport destinations... best care and why - ANSWER-
DNR - ANSWER-Must be valid and specific to state requirements.
Implied consent and refusals - ANSWER-Refusals need proper documentation and it is
encouraged to inform the PT on the risk of refusals and alternative treatment options.
Document findings and witnesses and if possible gather signatures.
Implied consent is a form of consent applied to adults who are unable to verbally
consent to care and it applies to minor without the presence of an adult/ caretaker.
Basic fundamentals of radio etiquette - ANSWER-Know what you are going to say
before speaking, wait until transmissions are done before you speak, when ready key
up and wait one second then speak, speak slow and clear and lay language.
HIPPA - ANSWER-Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996.
Protection of patient information and care.
Anatomical positioning ex. lateral, radial... - ANSWER-Lateral- Farther from midline of
the body
Medial- Midline of the body
Ipsilateral-Same side of the body
Contralateral- Opposite side of body
Afterload & Preload - ANSWER-Afterload- Force against which the ventricles must
contract to eject blood. Influenced by arterial BP, distensibility and arterial resistance.
Prelaod- Volume of blood in the ventricle at the end of diastole and primarily reflects
venous return
Alpha one, beta one, beta two - ANSWER-Alpha one- Cause vasoconstriction
Alpha two- Cause smooth muscle contraction, inhibition of insulin release, induction of
glucagon, suppression of norepi release
,Beta one- Found in heart and kidneys, Stimulation of heart sites increases HR & cardiac
contraction. From the kidney it releases renin into blood (a powerful vasoconstrictior)
Beta two- Found in several locations, in the lungs they cause bronchodilation
Acidosis and Alkalosis - ANSWER-Acidosis- Blood pH lower than 7.35 (below 7 causes
coma)
Alkalosis- Blood pH higher than 7.45 (above 7.8 causes uncontrolable and unstable
skeletal muscle contractions.)
Signs of DKA - ANSWER-frequent urinating, hungry, thirsty, dehydration, vomiting, loss
of weight, kussmaul respirations, acetone smell
ECG findings for hyperkalemia - ANSWER-Progressive hyperkalemia may result in
ECG changes, including peaked T wave, flattened P wave, prolonged PR interval, ST
depression, and prolonged QRS duration.
Distributive types of shocks and causes - ANSWER-Distributive shock- caused by
widespread dilation.
Anaphylactic shock- Histamines and other vasodilator proteins released into the body
following the exposer of an ALLERGEN.
Septic shock-Caused by widespread infection of the body. the body's initial defense fails
causing the release of vasodilators and decreased cardiac output.
Neurogenic shock- Caused by spinal cord injuries, leads to loss of normal sympathetic
nervous system tone and vasodilation.
Newborn respiratory distress Ex. Nasal flaring and abdominal expansion - ANSWER-
Clear airway if possible and provide supplemental oxygen.
BP hierarchy Ex. BP comprised, Cardiac output, Stroke volume. - ANSWER-Blood
pressure- Systolic/diastolis
Systolic- pressure during contraction
Diastolic- pressure at rest
Cardiac output- Composed of HR and stroke volume measured in LPM
Stroke volume- volume of blood ejected per beat from the left or right ventricle
Signs and symptoms of dehydration in an infant - ANSWER-Poor skin turgor, absence
of tears, dry mucous membranes, weight loss, depressed fontanel, and decreased
urinary output
Pulse Oximetry (SpO2) - ANSWER-An assessment tool that measures oxygen
saturation of hemoglobin in the capillary beds.
Hypotonic, Hypertonic, isotonic - ANSWER-Hypotonic- Solution with lower solute
concentration
Hypertonic- Solution with a higher solute concentration
, Isotonic- Solution with an equal solute concentration
Cautions of isotonic and hypertonic saline - ANSWER-Isotonic solution and Hypertonic
can overload the cells and draw salt out of the cell causing it to collapse on itself. They
both do not carry oxygen as well and can cause more harm in trauma related calls.
chronotropy, inotrpopy, dronotropy - ANSWER-Chronotrophy- Influence the heart rate
Inotrophy- Strengthening and weakening of the heart tissue
Dromotrophy- affecting the conduction speed
epi and norepi diff and sim - ANSWER-Norepinephrine and epinephrine work similarly
by stabilizing your blood pressure in life-threatening cases. However, epinephrine has a
greater effect on your body because it can open up your airways, increase your heart
rate, and increase blood flow. Norepinephrine primarily increases your blood pressure.
Treatment of afib/flut with meds - ANSWER-Beta blockers, calcium channel blockers
can be administered if the patient is stable and symptomatic but if unstable
synchronized cardioversion may be administered.
Laryngospasm - ANSWER-sudden closure of the vocal cords causing complete or
almost complete obstruction can be caused by trauma during or before intubation and
upon extubating.
Narcotic overdose treatment - ANSWER-ABC and Naloxone
Patent airway - ANSWER-An airway that is open and clear and will remain open and
clear, without interference to the passage of air into and out of the body.
SS CHF - ANSWER-Fatigue, Edema, dyspnea, and lung congestion.
Einthoven's triangle - ANSWER-Einthoven's Triangle...
Lead 1- RA - LA
Lead 2- RA- LL
Lead 3- LL -LA
Define 1st degree and what is happening - ANSWER-Occurs when the impulse reaches
the AV node is delayed longer and longer resulting in a constant PRI longer than 0.20
seconds.
Atrial fibrillation complications - ANSWER--Embolic event (stroke, MI, pulmonary
embolism)
-Heart failure
Signs and symptoms of Right ventricular failure - ANSWER-Distended jugular veins,
anorexia, nausea, abdominal distention, liver enlargement with right upper quadrant
pain, ascities, edema
When to perform a V4R ekg - ANSWER-Perform in patients you suspect of having an
inferior MI
Corpulmanale - ANSWER-Right sided heart failure caused by chronic lung disease
PVC on EKG presentation - ANSWER-Inverted or absent P wave
Anginal equivalent - ANSWER-Symptoms of myocardial ischemia other than chest pain
or discomfort
Stroke assessment questions - ANSWER-Last seen normal time
Sections of brain Ex. cerebellum, cerebrum, midbrain and control - ANSWER-
Cerebellum- Second largest part of the brain, responsible for interpreting movement and
correcting movement that interferes with coordination and position.
DNR - ANSWER-Must be valid and specific to state requirements.
Implied consent and refusals - ANSWER-Refusals need proper documentation and it is
encouraged to inform the PT on the risk of refusals and alternative treatment options.
Document findings and witnesses and if possible gather signatures.
Implied consent is a form of consent applied to adults who are unable to verbally
consent to care and it applies to minor without the presence of an adult/ caretaker.
Basic fundamentals of radio etiquette - ANSWER-Know what you are going to say
before speaking, wait until transmissions are done before you speak, when ready key
up and wait one second then speak, speak slow and clear and lay language.
HIPPA - ANSWER-Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996.
Protection of patient information and care.
Anatomical positioning ex. lateral, radial... - ANSWER-Lateral- Farther from midline of
the body
Medial- Midline of the body
Ipsilateral-Same side of the body
Contralateral- Opposite side of body
Afterload & Preload - ANSWER-Afterload- Force against which the ventricles must
contract to eject blood. Influenced by arterial BP, distensibility and arterial resistance.
Prelaod- Volume of blood in the ventricle at the end of diastole and primarily reflects
venous return
Alpha one, beta one, beta two - ANSWER-Alpha one- Cause vasoconstriction
Alpha two- Cause smooth muscle contraction, inhibition of insulin release, induction of
glucagon, suppression of norepi release
,Beta one- Found in heart and kidneys, Stimulation of heart sites increases HR & cardiac
contraction. From the kidney it releases renin into blood (a powerful vasoconstrictior)
Beta two- Found in several locations, in the lungs they cause bronchodilation
Acidosis and Alkalosis - ANSWER-Acidosis- Blood pH lower than 7.35 (below 7 causes
coma)
Alkalosis- Blood pH higher than 7.45 (above 7.8 causes uncontrolable and unstable
skeletal muscle contractions.)
Signs of DKA - ANSWER-frequent urinating, hungry, thirsty, dehydration, vomiting, loss
of weight, kussmaul respirations, acetone smell
ECG findings for hyperkalemia - ANSWER-Progressive hyperkalemia may result in
ECG changes, including peaked T wave, flattened P wave, prolonged PR interval, ST
depression, and prolonged QRS duration.
Distributive types of shocks and causes - ANSWER-Distributive shock- caused by
widespread dilation.
Anaphylactic shock- Histamines and other vasodilator proteins released into the body
following the exposer of an ALLERGEN.
Septic shock-Caused by widespread infection of the body. the body's initial defense fails
causing the release of vasodilators and decreased cardiac output.
Neurogenic shock- Caused by spinal cord injuries, leads to loss of normal sympathetic
nervous system tone and vasodilation.
Newborn respiratory distress Ex. Nasal flaring and abdominal expansion - ANSWER-
Clear airway if possible and provide supplemental oxygen.
BP hierarchy Ex. BP comprised, Cardiac output, Stroke volume. - ANSWER-Blood
pressure- Systolic/diastolis
Systolic- pressure during contraction
Diastolic- pressure at rest
Cardiac output- Composed of HR and stroke volume measured in LPM
Stroke volume- volume of blood ejected per beat from the left or right ventricle
Signs and symptoms of dehydration in an infant - ANSWER-Poor skin turgor, absence
of tears, dry mucous membranes, weight loss, depressed fontanel, and decreased
urinary output
Pulse Oximetry (SpO2) - ANSWER-An assessment tool that measures oxygen
saturation of hemoglobin in the capillary beds.
Hypotonic, Hypertonic, isotonic - ANSWER-Hypotonic- Solution with lower solute
concentration
Hypertonic- Solution with a higher solute concentration
, Isotonic- Solution with an equal solute concentration
Cautions of isotonic and hypertonic saline - ANSWER-Isotonic solution and Hypertonic
can overload the cells and draw salt out of the cell causing it to collapse on itself. They
both do not carry oxygen as well and can cause more harm in trauma related calls.
chronotropy, inotrpopy, dronotropy - ANSWER-Chronotrophy- Influence the heart rate
Inotrophy- Strengthening and weakening of the heart tissue
Dromotrophy- affecting the conduction speed
epi and norepi diff and sim - ANSWER-Norepinephrine and epinephrine work similarly
by stabilizing your blood pressure in life-threatening cases. However, epinephrine has a
greater effect on your body because it can open up your airways, increase your heart
rate, and increase blood flow. Norepinephrine primarily increases your blood pressure.
Treatment of afib/flut with meds - ANSWER-Beta blockers, calcium channel blockers
can be administered if the patient is stable and symptomatic but if unstable
synchronized cardioversion may be administered.
Laryngospasm - ANSWER-sudden closure of the vocal cords causing complete or
almost complete obstruction can be caused by trauma during or before intubation and
upon extubating.
Narcotic overdose treatment - ANSWER-ABC and Naloxone
Patent airway - ANSWER-An airway that is open and clear and will remain open and
clear, without interference to the passage of air into and out of the body.
SS CHF - ANSWER-Fatigue, Edema, dyspnea, and lung congestion.
Einthoven's triangle - ANSWER-Einthoven's Triangle...
Lead 1- RA - LA
Lead 2- RA- LL
Lead 3- LL -LA
Define 1st degree and what is happening - ANSWER-Occurs when the impulse reaches
the AV node is delayed longer and longer resulting in a constant PRI longer than 0.20
seconds.
Atrial fibrillation complications - ANSWER--Embolic event (stroke, MI, pulmonary
embolism)
-Heart failure
Signs and symptoms of Right ventricular failure - ANSWER-Distended jugular veins,
anorexia, nausea, abdominal distention, liver enlargement with right upper quadrant
pain, ascities, edema
When to perform a V4R ekg - ANSWER-Perform in patients you suspect of having an
inferior MI
Corpulmanale - ANSWER-Right sided heart failure caused by chronic lung disease
PVC on EKG presentation - ANSWER-Inverted or absent P wave
Anginal equivalent - ANSWER-Symptoms of myocardial ischemia other than chest pain
or discomfort
Stroke assessment questions - ANSWER-Last seen normal time
Sections of brain Ex. cerebellum, cerebrum, midbrain and control - ANSWER-
Cerebellum- Second largest part of the brain, responsible for interpreting movement and
correcting movement that interferes with coordination and position.
