ATI ADULT MEDICAL SURGICAL CMS
EXAM LATEST REAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED
A+ GUARANTEE PASS 2025
A nurse plans care for a client who has a serum potassium of 7 mEq/L. Which of
the following actions should be implemented? (Select all that apply.)
A. Place on a cardiac monitor.
B. Obtain a serum creatinine level.
C. Infuse 100 mL of 10% glucose IV.
D. Begin IV infusion of regular insulin.
E. Administer sodium polystyrene sulfonate.
F. Initiate 0.33% sodium chloride IV fluid bolus. - CORRECT ANSWER A, B, C,
D, E
Cardiac monitoring is critical for clients with hyperkalemia. Potassium maintains
resting membrane potential of cardiac muscle. Hyperkalemia can cause life-
threatening cardiac arrest. Serum creatinine levels should be evaluated in clients
with hyperkalemia. Elevated serum creatinine can be an indication of impaired
renal function, a major cause of hyperkalemia. Glucose is required to prevent
hypoglycemia caused by the insulin therapy. Intravenous regular insulin is
typically infused with severe hyperkalemia. This causes a temporary shift of
potassium from the serum into the cells. Sodium polystyrene sulfonate may be
given for hyperkalemia. Sodium polystyrene sulfonate binds with the potassium
for excretion.
A nurse provides care to a client who is on continuous ECG monitoring and
observes the rhythm below. Which of the following activities should be
implemented?
A. Obtain blood pressure.
B. Call rapid response team.
,C. Notify provider immediately.
D. Administer atropine IV push. - CORRECT ANSWER A
The rhythm on the ECG is sinus bradycardia. However, the physiological data
(HR, pulse, BP, LOC, SaO2) demonstrate whether or not the client is symptomatic
(i.e., unstable). After any rhythm analysis, the client should always be assessed
for perfusion.
A client is receiving oxygen at 60% via a simple face mask. Arterial blood gas
results are: pH 7.31, PaO2 99 mmHg, PaCO2 51 mmHg, and HCO3 28 mEq/L.
Which of the following actions should the nurse implement?
A. Request lab to repeat the test.
B. Administer sodium bicarbonate.
C. Decrease supplemental oxygen.
D. Place on partial rebreather mask. - CORRECT ANSWER C
The supplemental oxygen should be decreased due to the PaO2 level. Prolonged
administration of high levels of oxygen can cause toxicity resulting in permanent
damage to lung tissue. Administer oxygen at the lowest level possible to maintain
oxygenation and avoid toxicity.
A nurse reviews the client's arterial blood gas results: pH 7.48, PaCO2 44 mmHg,
HCO3 35 mEq/L. Which of the following acid-base imbalances is present?
A. Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis
B. Uncompensated respiratory acidosis
C. Fully compensated respiratory alkalosis
D. Partially compensated metabolic acidosis - CORRECT ANSWER A In an
uncompensated acid-base imbalance, the pH and one other value will be
abnormal. In this analysis, the increased pH determines this client is alkalotic,
and the increased HCO3 and normal PaCO2 show this is a metabolic issue.
A client in the emergency department develops the following cardiac rhythm. The
nurse performs an immediate assessment and finds the client unresponsive and
pulseless. Which of the following actions is considered the priority of care? (v-
tach)
,A. Defibrillation
B. Chest compressions
C. Assess breath sounds
D. Administration of amiodarone - CORRECT ANSWER A
A client experiencing ventricular tachycardia who does not have a pulse should
receive immediate defibrillation. Client s who are defibrillated within one minute
of onset of VT have a 90% chance of being converted to a more stable rhythm.
A nurse assesses a client who has acute pyelonephritis. Which of the following
findings would be expected? (Select all that apply.)
A. Fever
B. Flank pain
C. Tachycardia
D. Cough and dyspnea
E. Nausea and vomiting - CORRECT ANSWER A, B, C, E
Fever and chills are manifestations of pyelonephritis related to inflammatory
responses. Flank and back pain are manifestations related to inflammation and
and infection. Tachycardia and tachypnea are manifestations related to fever
and/or pain. Nausea and vomiting are manifestations related to the infectious
process.
A nurse provides care to a client who has a fractured femur after falling from a
ladder. Which of the following actions may reduce the incidence of fat emboli?
A. Immobilize the extremity.
B. Provide supplemental oxygen.
C. Maintain a semi-Fowler's position.
D. Administer subcutaneous heparin. - CORRECT ANSWER A
Immediate immobilization of the fracture in addition to early surgical fixation may
reduce the incidence of fat embolism.
A client who is newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus states, "I feel really
dizzy and shaky." Which of the following actions should the nurse perform?
, A. Administer glucagon.
B. Give 10 units of lispro.
C. Check urine for ketones.
D. Provide 8 oz of milk. - CORRECT ANSWER D
The nurse should recognize signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia and
administer 15 g of carbohydrate (e.g., 8 oz of milk; 4 oz of orange juice).
A nurse explains what to expect during a thoracentesis. Which client statement
validates teaching was effective?
A. "I need to be still during the procedure."
B. "It will be difficult to swallow for a few hours."
C. "A cough may develop during aspiration of fluid."
D. "My breathing may be labored for several minutes." - CORRECT
ANSWER A
The nurse should instruct the client to remain still and refrain from talking unless
instructed by the provider.
A client's wound eviscerates following bariatric surgery. Which of the following
actions should the nurse implement? (Select all that apply.)
A. Call for help.
B. Obtain vital signs.
C. Reinsert protruding organs.
D. Place in high-Fowlers position.
E. Cover wound with moist sterile dressing. - CORRECT ANSWER A, B, E
The nurse should call for help and the person who responds should notify the
rapid response team and surgeon. One nurse should provide care to the client
while another nurse notifies needed personnel. Abdominal wound evisceration is
considered a surgical emergency.
The nurse should stay with the client, obtaining vital signs every 5 to 10 min and
closely monitoring for signs of shock. The wound should be covered with a
sterile dressing moistened with warm saline. The dressing must be kept sterile
and moist at all times.
EXAM LATEST REAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED
A+ GUARANTEE PASS 2025
A nurse plans care for a client who has a serum potassium of 7 mEq/L. Which of
the following actions should be implemented? (Select all that apply.)
A. Place on a cardiac monitor.
B. Obtain a serum creatinine level.
C. Infuse 100 mL of 10% glucose IV.
D. Begin IV infusion of regular insulin.
E. Administer sodium polystyrene sulfonate.
F. Initiate 0.33% sodium chloride IV fluid bolus. - CORRECT ANSWER A, B, C,
D, E
Cardiac monitoring is critical for clients with hyperkalemia. Potassium maintains
resting membrane potential of cardiac muscle. Hyperkalemia can cause life-
threatening cardiac arrest. Serum creatinine levels should be evaluated in clients
with hyperkalemia. Elevated serum creatinine can be an indication of impaired
renal function, a major cause of hyperkalemia. Glucose is required to prevent
hypoglycemia caused by the insulin therapy. Intravenous regular insulin is
typically infused with severe hyperkalemia. This causes a temporary shift of
potassium from the serum into the cells. Sodium polystyrene sulfonate may be
given for hyperkalemia. Sodium polystyrene sulfonate binds with the potassium
for excretion.
A nurse provides care to a client who is on continuous ECG monitoring and
observes the rhythm below. Which of the following activities should be
implemented?
A. Obtain blood pressure.
B. Call rapid response team.
,C. Notify provider immediately.
D. Administer atropine IV push. - CORRECT ANSWER A
The rhythm on the ECG is sinus bradycardia. However, the physiological data
(HR, pulse, BP, LOC, SaO2) demonstrate whether or not the client is symptomatic
(i.e., unstable). After any rhythm analysis, the client should always be assessed
for perfusion.
A client is receiving oxygen at 60% via a simple face mask. Arterial blood gas
results are: pH 7.31, PaO2 99 mmHg, PaCO2 51 mmHg, and HCO3 28 mEq/L.
Which of the following actions should the nurse implement?
A. Request lab to repeat the test.
B. Administer sodium bicarbonate.
C. Decrease supplemental oxygen.
D. Place on partial rebreather mask. - CORRECT ANSWER C
The supplemental oxygen should be decreased due to the PaO2 level. Prolonged
administration of high levels of oxygen can cause toxicity resulting in permanent
damage to lung tissue. Administer oxygen at the lowest level possible to maintain
oxygenation and avoid toxicity.
A nurse reviews the client's arterial blood gas results: pH 7.48, PaCO2 44 mmHg,
HCO3 35 mEq/L. Which of the following acid-base imbalances is present?
A. Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis
B. Uncompensated respiratory acidosis
C. Fully compensated respiratory alkalosis
D. Partially compensated metabolic acidosis - CORRECT ANSWER A In an
uncompensated acid-base imbalance, the pH and one other value will be
abnormal. In this analysis, the increased pH determines this client is alkalotic,
and the increased HCO3 and normal PaCO2 show this is a metabolic issue.
A client in the emergency department develops the following cardiac rhythm. The
nurse performs an immediate assessment and finds the client unresponsive and
pulseless. Which of the following actions is considered the priority of care? (v-
tach)
,A. Defibrillation
B. Chest compressions
C. Assess breath sounds
D. Administration of amiodarone - CORRECT ANSWER A
A client experiencing ventricular tachycardia who does not have a pulse should
receive immediate defibrillation. Client s who are defibrillated within one minute
of onset of VT have a 90% chance of being converted to a more stable rhythm.
A nurse assesses a client who has acute pyelonephritis. Which of the following
findings would be expected? (Select all that apply.)
A. Fever
B. Flank pain
C. Tachycardia
D. Cough and dyspnea
E. Nausea and vomiting - CORRECT ANSWER A, B, C, E
Fever and chills are manifestations of pyelonephritis related to inflammatory
responses. Flank and back pain are manifestations related to inflammation and
and infection. Tachycardia and tachypnea are manifestations related to fever
and/or pain. Nausea and vomiting are manifestations related to the infectious
process.
A nurse provides care to a client who has a fractured femur after falling from a
ladder. Which of the following actions may reduce the incidence of fat emboli?
A. Immobilize the extremity.
B. Provide supplemental oxygen.
C. Maintain a semi-Fowler's position.
D. Administer subcutaneous heparin. - CORRECT ANSWER A
Immediate immobilization of the fracture in addition to early surgical fixation may
reduce the incidence of fat embolism.
A client who is newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus states, "I feel really
dizzy and shaky." Which of the following actions should the nurse perform?
, A. Administer glucagon.
B. Give 10 units of lispro.
C. Check urine for ketones.
D. Provide 8 oz of milk. - CORRECT ANSWER D
The nurse should recognize signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia and
administer 15 g of carbohydrate (e.g., 8 oz of milk; 4 oz of orange juice).
A nurse explains what to expect during a thoracentesis. Which client statement
validates teaching was effective?
A. "I need to be still during the procedure."
B. "It will be difficult to swallow for a few hours."
C. "A cough may develop during aspiration of fluid."
D. "My breathing may be labored for several minutes." - CORRECT
ANSWER A
The nurse should instruct the client to remain still and refrain from talking unless
instructed by the provider.
A client's wound eviscerates following bariatric surgery. Which of the following
actions should the nurse implement? (Select all that apply.)
A. Call for help.
B. Obtain vital signs.
C. Reinsert protruding organs.
D. Place in high-Fowlers position.
E. Cover wound with moist sterile dressing. - CORRECT ANSWER A, B, E
The nurse should call for help and the person who responds should notify the
rapid response team and surgeon. One nurse should provide care to the client
while another nurse notifies needed personnel. Abdominal wound evisceration is
considered a surgical emergency.
The nurse should stay with the client, obtaining vital signs every 5 to 10 min and
closely monitoring for signs of shock. The wound should be covered with a
sterile dressing moistened with warm saline. The dressing must be kept sterile
and moist at all times.
