CLA 210 LATEST 2026 EXAM QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
✔✔Apothesois - ✔✔-become immortal
-melt human flesh away
✔✔Persephone - ✔✔-Daughter of Zeus and Demeter
-Initially virgin Goddess, until abducted by Hades in which she eats pomegranate seed.
-Demeter gets sad, so crops won't grow. Come to agreement that Perseph can come up
some of the year. Explains seasons
✔✔Hera (Juno) - ✔✔-goddess of weddings & marriage, childbirth, queen of gods, wife
of Zeus
-Icon: cow, peacock
-Epithets: queen, cow eyed
-Contradiction: goddess of childbirth, but a horrible mom
-Story:
Hera gives birth to Hephaetus (blacksmith) but throws him out b/c he is lame.
Hephaetus says he forgives her but tricks her when she sits in the throne he makes her
in which he won't release her until he gets promised Aphrodite in marriage
-Location: Argos, Samos, Olympia
✔✔Zeus (Jupiter) - ✔✔- Son of Cronus, escapes being eaten.
-Lord of sky, controls weather, presides over law and justice, 115 affairs
-Icon: Aegis (goat skin), thunderbolt
-Epithets: Protectors of Xenia (reciprocal hospitality)
-Story:
Hera seduces Zeus w/ magical belt from Aphrodite in Trojan war. Zeus falls asleep.
Hera sneaked away and roused the Gods against the Trojans
✔✔Poseidon (Neptune) - ✔✔-Lord of sea
-Married Amphitrite
-Brother of Zeus
-Icon: Trident, horses, impregnated Medusa
-Epithets: earthshaker
-Story: anger/revenge
✔✔Hades (Pluto) - ✔✔-King of dead, God of Wealth, "the invisible".
-Not technically an Olympian because he lives beneath Earth.
✔✔Apollo - ✔✔- Son of Leto and Zeus.
-God of Shamans, archery, healing, prophecy, "greek aristocratic ideology"
-Icon: bow/arrow, lyre, kithara
-Epithets: far shooter, delian, healer, phanaeus
Story: Dephic Oracle/ Unhappy love affairs
, Locations: Delos
✔✔Delphic Oracle (Apollo) - ✔✔- After birth Apollo moved to Delphi to establish temple
-Built above place where he killed Phython (a chthonic poisonous serpent)
-Oracles would be given there by the Pythia.
-Responses always vague but stressed moderation: "Know thyself" and "Nothing in
excess".
✔✔Hephaestus (Vulcan) - ✔✔-God of volcanoes and blacksmiths, promoter of
civilizations and cities
-Icon: hammer, furnace, tongs, donkeys
-Limp but made beautiful art.
-Marries aphrodite
-tricks Hera
✔✔Ares (Mars) - ✔✔-Son of Zeus and Hera
-God of uncontrolled war/blood lust
-Icon: warrior, panic, fear, harmony, eros
-Story: Has affair with Aphrodite and Hephaestus finds out, they are put in unbreakable
chains on Mount Olympus to humiliate them
✔✔Hermes - ✔✔-God of Open Spaces, Intercessor between mortal and divine,
Conductor of souls for afterlife
-Epithets: Protector of travelers, thieves, story tellers, poets, trade, athletes
-Story:
Trickster who travels the worlds, dependent of wit, master of deception, lies, and
commerce
✔✔Death/Fertility Myth - ✔✔-Demeter and Persephone
-Exemplified real Greek mother's having to give up children in marriage or any loss
✔✔Eleusinian Mysteries - ✔✔-The promise of regeneration through the power of
Demeter was the premise of one of the famous religious cults of ancient world
-festival in fall
-Families/People: Eumpolipids, Kerykes, Triptolemus
✔✔Importance of fertility ritual - ✔✔-Moving people on to the next stage of life. "Flesh
and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God"
-Children/Rebirth>Maidenhood/Death>Motherhood/Seed>(REPEAT)
✔✔Dionysus - ✔✔-God of Wine, life source, personality
-took Hestia's place
-male principle of fertility
-child of Semele and Zeus
-Story:
GRADED A+
✔✔Apothesois - ✔✔-become immortal
-melt human flesh away
✔✔Persephone - ✔✔-Daughter of Zeus and Demeter
-Initially virgin Goddess, until abducted by Hades in which she eats pomegranate seed.
-Demeter gets sad, so crops won't grow. Come to agreement that Perseph can come up
some of the year. Explains seasons
✔✔Hera (Juno) - ✔✔-goddess of weddings & marriage, childbirth, queen of gods, wife
of Zeus
-Icon: cow, peacock
-Epithets: queen, cow eyed
-Contradiction: goddess of childbirth, but a horrible mom
-Story:
Hera gives birth to Hephaetus (blacksmith) but throws him out b/c he is lame.
Hephaetus says he forgives her but tricks her when she sits in the throne he makes her
in which he won't release her until he gets promised Aphrodite in marriage
-Location: Argos, Samos, Olympia
✔✔Zeus (Jupiter) - ✔✔- Son of Cronus, escapes being eaten.
-Lord of sky, controls weather, presides over law and justice, 115 affairs
-Icon: Aegis (goat skin), thunderbolt
-Epithets: Protectors of Xenia (reciprocal hospitality)
-Story:
Hera seduces Zeus w/ magical belt from Aphrodite in Trojan war. Zeus falls asleep.
Hera sneaked away and roused the Gods against the Trojans
✔✔Poseidon (Neptune) - ✔✔-Lord of sea
-Married Amphitrite
-Brother of Zeus
-Icon: Trident, horses, impregnated Medusa
-Epithets: earthshaker
-Story: anger/revenge
✔✔Hades (Pluto) - ✔✔-King of dead, God of Wealth, "the invisible".
-Not technically an Olympian because he lives beneath Earth.
✔✔Apollo - ✔✔- Son of Leto and Zeus.
-God of Shamans, archery, healing, prophecy, "greek aristocratic ideology"
-Icon: bow/arrow, lyre, kithara
-Epithets: far shooter, delian, healer, phanaeus
Story: Dephic Oracle/ Unhappy love affairs
, Locations: Delos
✔✔Delphic Oracle (Apollo) - ✔✔- After birth Apollo moved to Delphi to establish temple
-Built above place where he killed Phython (a chthonic poisonous serpent)
-Oracles would be given there by the Pythia.
-Responses always vague but stressed moderation: "Know thyself" and "Nothing in
excess".
✔✔Hephaestus (Vulcan) - ✔✔-God of volcanoes and blacksmiths, promoter of
civilizations and cities
-Icon: hammer, furnace, tongs, donkeys
-Limp but made beautiful art.
-Marries aphrodite
-tricks Hera
✔✔Ares (Mars) - ✔✔-Son of Zeus and Hera
-God of uncontrolled war/blood lust
-Icon: warrior, panic, fear, harmony, eros
-Story: Has affair with Aphrodite and Hephaestus finds out, they are put in unbreakable
chains on Mount Olympus to humiliate them
✔✔Hermes - ✔✔-God of Open Spaces, Intercessor between mortal and divine,
Conductor of souls for afterlife
-Epithets: Protector of travelers, thieves, story tellers, poets, trade, athletes
-Story:
Trickster who travels the worlds, dependent of wit, master of deception, lies, and
commerce
✔✔Death/Fertility Myth - ✔✔-Demeter and Persephone
-Exemplified real Greek mother's having to give up children in marriage or any loss
✔✔Eleusinian Mysteries - ✔✔-The promise of regeneration through the power of
Demeter was the premise of one of the famous religious cults of ancient world
-festival in fall
-Families/People: Eumpolipids, Kerykes, Triptolemus
✔✔Importance of fertility ritual - ✔✔-Moving people on to the next stage of life. "Flesh
and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God"
-Children/Rebirth>Maidenhood/Death>Motherhood/Seed>(REPEAT)
✔✔Dionysus - ✔✔-God of Wine, life source, personality
-took Hestia's place
-male principle of fertility
-child of Semele and Zeus
-Story:
