NUFT 202 FINAL EXAM ACTUAL 2026 QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔History of Nursing Diagnosis - ✔✔First introduced in 1950
In 1953, Fry proposed the formulation of a nursing diagnosis.
In 1973, the first national conference was held.
In 1980 and 1995, the American Nurses Association (ANA) included diagnosis as a
separate activity in its publication Nursing: a Social Policy Statement.
In 1982, NANDA was founded.
✔✔who proposed the formulation of nursing diagnosis and an individual care plan? -
✔✔Fry
✔✔NANDA-I - ✔✔North American Nursing Diagnosis Association International
✔✔NANDA - ✔✔was established with the purpose to develop, refine, and promote a
taxonomy of nursing diagnostic terminology for use by all professional nurses
✔✔The ANA's paper Scope of Nursing Practice (1987) - ✔✔defines nursing diagnosis
as the diagnosis and treatment of human response to health and illness
✔✔The National Council of State Boards of Nursing - ✔✔Organization whose
membership consists of the board of nursing of each state or territory.
✔✔NCSBN definition for the nursing process - ✔✔a scientific, clinical reasoning
approach to patient care that includes: assessment, analysis, planning, implementation,
and evaluation
✔✔NANDA diagnosing type - ✔✔problem-focused
Risk
Health Promotion
✔✔Problem-Focused nursing diagnosis - ✔✔describes a clinical judgment concerning
an undesirable human response to a health condition/life process that exists in an
individual, family, or community.
✔✔Problem-focused nursing Characteristics - ✔✔Patient behavior
physical signs
✔✔Related Factor - ✔✔an etiological or causative factor for the diagnosis; Allows a
nurse to individualize a problem-focused nursing diagnosis for a specific patient need
,✔✔risk nursing diagnosis - ✔✔a clinical judgement concerning the vulnerability of an
individual, family, group, or community for developing an undesirable human response
to health conditions/life processes
NO defining characteristics or related factors bu there are risk factors
✔✔Risk Factors - ✔✔Are environmental, physiological, psychological, genetic, or
chemical elements that place a person at risk for a health problem
These factors that help in planing preventative health care measures
✔✔Health Promotion nursing diagnosis - ✔✔a clinical judgement of motivation, desire,
and readiness to enhance well-being and actualize human health potential
Expressed by a readiness to enhance specific health behaviors
Have only defining characteristics with some related factors used to improve
understanding
✔✔Critical thinking and the nursing diagnostic process - ✔✔know the nursing diagnostic
labels, their definitions, the defining characteristics or risk factors for making diagnoses,
related factors pertinent to the diagnoses, and the interventions suited for treating the
diagnoses
✔✔competent skill for diagnosing - ✔✔experience
✔✔diagnostic reasoning process - ✔✔this reasoning process involves using the
assessment data you gathered about a patient to logically explain a clinical judgement
✔✔Diagnostic reasoning process decision making steps - ✔✔Data clustering
identifying patient health problems
formulating the diagnosis
✔✔Data Clustering - ✔✔is a set of signs or symptoms gathered during assessment that
you group together in a logical way.
are patterns of data that contain defining characteristics—clinical criteria that are
observable and verifiable.
Each clinical criterion is an objective or subjective sign, symptom, or risk factor that,
when analyzed with other criteria, leads to a diagnostic conclusion.
✔✔Clinical Criterion - ✔✔an objective or subjective sign, symptom, or risk factor that,
when analyzed with other criteria, leads to a diagnostic conclusion
✔✔data interpretation - ✔✔interpret data more accurately, review all characteristics or
risk factors, eliminate irrelevant ones, and confirm the relevant ones. Compare results to
the NANDA diagnoses
, ✔✔Formulating a nursing diagnosis statement - ✔✔-identify the correct diagnostic label
with associated defining characteristics or risk factors and a related factor
- a related factor allows you to individualize a nursing diagnosis for a specific patient
✔✔diagnostic label - ✔✔the name of the nursing diagnosis as approved by NANDA
International. It describes the essence of a patients response to health conditions in a
few words as possible
✔✔Related factors for NANDA-I diagnoses - ✔✔Pathophysiological
Treatment related
Situational
Maturational
✔✔three-part nursing diagnostic label - ✔✔P - problem
E - etiology
S - symptoms
✔✔Cultural Relevance of Nursing Diagnoses - ✔✔Consider patients' cultural diversity
when selecting a nursing diagnosis. Ask questions such as:
How has this health problem affected you and your family?
What do you believe will help or fix the problem?
What worries you most about the problem?
Which practices within your culture are important to you?
Cultural awareness and sensitivity improve your accuracy in making nursing diagnoses.
-Empathy towards your patients
✔✔Concept Mapping Nursing Diagnosis - ✔✔a way to graphically represent the
connections between concepts and ideas that are related to a central subject such as a
client's health problem. Concept maps promote problem solving and critical thinking
skills by organizing complex client data, analyzing concept relationships and identifying
interventions.
Advantages of this concept is its central focus on a patients rather than on the disease
or health alteration
✔✔Sources of Diagnostic Errors in Collecting Data - ✔✔*Lack of knowledge or skill
*Inaccurate data
* Missing data
* Disorganization
Errors can occur in all steps of the nursing diagnostic process
✔✔Errors in Data Collection - ✔✔review your database to decide if it is accurate and
complete. Validate that measurable, objective physical findings support subjective data
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔History of Nursing Diagnosis - ✔✔First introduced in 1950
In 1953, Fry proposed the formulation of a nursing diagnosis.
In 1973, the first national conference was held.
In 1980 and 1995, the American Nurses Association (ANA) included diagnosis as a
separate activity in its publication Nursing: a Social Policy Statement.
In 1982, NANDA was founded.
✔✔who proposed the formulation of nursing diagnosis and an individual care plan? -
✔✔Fry
✔✔NANDA-I - ✔✔North American Nursing Diagnosis Association International
✔✔NANDA - ✔✔was established with the purpose to develop, refine, and promote a
taxonomy of nursing diagnostic terminology for use by all professional nurses
✔✔The ANA's paper Scope of Nursing Practice (1987) - ✔✔defines nursing diagnosis
as the diagnosis and treatment of human response to health and illness
✔✔The National Council of State Boards of Nursing - ✔✔Organization whose
membership consists of the board of nursing of each state or territory.
✔✔NCSBN definition for the nursing process - ✔✔a scientific, clinical reasoning
approach to patient care that includes: assessment, analysis, planning, implementation,
and evaluation
✔✔NANDA diagnosing type - ✔✔problem-focused
Risk
Health Promotion
✔✔Problem-Focused nursing diagnosis - ✔✔describes a clinical judgment concerning
an undesirable human response to a health condition/life process that exists in an
individual, family, or community.
✔✔Problem-focused nursing Characteristics - ✔✔Patient behavior
physical signs
✔✔Related Factor - ✔✔an etiological or causative factor for the diagnosis; Allows a
nurse to individualize a problem-focused nursing diagnosis for a specific patient need
,✔✔risk nursing diagnosis - ✔✔a clinical judgement concerning the vulnerability of an
individual, family, group, or community for developing an undesirable human response
to health conditions/life processes
NO defining characteristics or related factors bu there are risk factors
✔✔Risk Factors - ✔✔Are environmental, physiological, psychological, genetic, or
chemical elements that place a person at risk for a health problem
These factors that help in planing preventative health care measures
✔✔Health Promotion nursing diagnosis - ✔✔a clinical judgement of motivation, desire,
and readiness to enhance well-being and actualize human health potential
Expressed by a readiness to enhance specific health behaviors
Have only defining characteristics with some related factors used to improve
understanding
✔✔Critical thinking and the nursing diagnostic process - ✔✔know the nursing diagnostic
labels, their definitions, the defining characteristics or risk factors for making diagnoses,
related factors pertinent to the diagnoses, and the interventions suited for treating the
diagnoses
✔✔competent skill for diagnosing - ✔✔experience
✔✔diagnostic reasoning process - ✔✔this reasoning process involves using the
assessment data you gathered about a patient to logically explain a clinical judgement
✔✔Diagnostic reasoning process decision making steps - ✔✔Data clustering
identifying patient health problems
formulating the diagnosis
✔✔Data Clustering - ✔✔is a set of signs or symptoms gathered during assessment that
you group together in a logical way.
are patterns of data that contain defining characteristics—clinical criteria that are
observable and verifiable.
Each clinical criterion is an objective or subjective sign, symptom, or risk factor that,
when analyzed with other criteria, leads to a diagnostic conclusion.
✔✔Clinical Criterion - ✔✔an objective or subjective sign, symptom, or risk factor that,
when analyzed with other criteria, leads to a diagnostic conclusion
✔✔data interpretation - ✔✔interpret data more accurately, review all characteristics or
risk factors, eliminate irrelevant ones, and confirm the relevant ones. Compare results to
the NANDA diagnoses
, ✔✔Formulating a nursing diagnosis statement - ✔✔-identify the correct diagnostic label
with associated defining characteristics or risk factors and a related factor
- a related factor allows you to individualize a nursing diagnosis for a specific patient
✔✔diagnostic label - ✔✔the name of the nursing diagnosis as approved by NANDA
International. It describes the essence of a patients response to health conditions in a
few words as possible
✔✔Related factors for NANDA-I diagnoses - ✔✔Pathophysiological
Treatment related
Situational
Maturational
✔✔three-part nursing diagnostic label - ✔✔P - problem
E - etiology
S - symptoms
✔✔Cultural Relevance of Nursing Diagnoses - ✔✔Consider patients' cultural diversity
when selecting a nursing diagnosis. Ask questions such as:
How has this health problem affected you and your family?
What do you believe will help or fix the problem?
What worries you most about the problem?
Which practices within your culture are important to you?
Cultural awareness and sensitivity improve your accuracy in making nursing diagnoses.
-Empathy towards your patients
✔✔Concept Mapping Nursing Diagnosis - ✔✔a way to graphically represent the
connections between concepts and ideas that are related to a central subject such as a
client's health problem. Concept maps promote problem solving and critical thinking
skills by organizing complex client data, analyzing concept relationships and identifying
interventions.
Advantages of this concept is its central focus on a patients rather than on the disease
or health alteration
✔✔Sources of Diagnostic Errors in Collecting Data - ✔✔*Lack of knowledge or skill
*Inaccurate data
* Missing data
* Disorganization
Errors can occur in all steps of the nursing diagnostic process
✔✔Errors in Data Collection - ✔✔review your database to decide if it is accurate and
complete. Validate that measurable, objective physical findings support subjective data
