NSG 3850 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FOR
NURSES II EXAM 3 EXAM SCRIPT FINAL
PAPER 2026 SOLVED QUESTION SET
GRADED A+
◉Hyperphosphatemia S/S. Answer: Causes hypocalcemia:
+Trousseau's and Chvosteks
◉Hypomagnesemia S/S. Answer: Torsades de Pointes (tornado in
the heart) Afib, Vfib, Prolonged QT, flattened T wave, N/T, painful
muscle contractions, decreased GI, constipations, nausea, paralytic
ileus
◉Hypermagnesemia S/S. Answer: Brady, hypotension, cardiac
arrest, lethargy, coma, resp failure, death
◉Hyperkalemia causes and treatment. Answer: Causes: ACE
inhibitors, kidney failure, multiple blood transfusions, excessive or
too rapid IV potassium
Treatment: Excrete excess potassium (with drugs), force potassium
from ECF back into cells
, ◉Hypokalemia causes and treatment. Answer: Causes: Diuretic use,
N/V, NPO too long, unbalanced diet, corticosteroids, prolonged ng
suctioning, water intoxication
Treatment: Replace potassium either IV or PO
◉Hypernatremia causes and treatment. Answer: Causes: Kidney
failure, long term corticosteroid use, excessive sodium intake (diet
or IV), watery diarrhea, dehydration
Treatment: Hemodialysis for kidney failure, fluid replacement for
water loss, diuretics to help rid body of excess fluid and sodium
◉Hyponatremia causes and treatment. Answer: causes: Diuretic use,
excessive sweating, NPO for too long, excessive consumption of
water/beer/other hypertonic fluids
Treatment: if caused by diuretics, doses of those drugs will need to
be changes or discontinued
◉Hypercalcemia causes and treatment. Answer: Causes:
hyperparathyroidism, malignant tumors, kidney failure, excessive
calcium or vitamin d supplements, prolonged immobility
Treatment: Cardiac monitoring, interventions depend on cause but
drug therapy can be used to reduce levels. If caused by diuretics,
dosage changed/discontinued
NURSES II EXAM 3 EXAM SCRIPT FINAL
PAPER 2026 SOLVED QUESTION SET
GRADED A+
◉Hyperphosphatemia S/S. Answer: Causes hypocalcemia:
+Trousseau's and Chvosteks
◉Hypomagnesemia S/S. Answer: Torsades de Pointes (tornado in
the heart) Afib, Vfib, Prolonged QT, flattened T wave, N/T, painful
muscle contractions, decreased GI, constipations, nausea, paralytic
ileus
◉Hypermagnesemia S/S. Answer: Brady, hypotension, cardiac
arrest, lethargy, coma, resp failure, death
◉Hyperkalemia causes and treatment. Answer: Causes: ACE
inhibitors, kidney failure, multiple blood transfusions, excessive or
too rapid IV potassium
Treatment: Excrete excess potassium (with drugs), force potassium
from ECF back into cells
, ◉Hypokalemia causes and treatment. Answer: Causes: Diuretic use,
N/V, NPO too long, unbalanced diet, corticosteroids, prolonged ng
suctioning, water intoxication
Treatment: Replace potassium either IV or PO
◉Hypernatremia causes and treatment. Answer: Causes: Kidney
failure, long term corticosteroid use, excessive sodium intake (diet
or IV), watery diarrhea, dehydration
Treatment: Hemodialysis for kidney failure, fluid replacement for
water loss, diuretics to help rid body of excess fluid and sodium
◉Hyponatremia causes and treatment. Answer: causes: Diuretic use,
excessive sweating, NPO for too long, excessive consumption of
water/beer/other hypertonic fluids
Treatment: if caused by diuretics, doses of those drugs will need to
be changes or discontinued
◉Hypercalcemia causes and treatment. Answer: Causes:
hyperparathyroidism, malignant tumors, kidney failure, excessive
calcium or vitamin d supplements, prolonged immobility
Treatment: Cardiac monitoring, interventions depend on cause but
drug therapy can be used to reduce levels. If caused by diuretics,
dosage changed/discontinued
