lOMoAR cPSD| 57629747
Mental health- Test 2 study guide
, lOMoAR cPSD| 57629747
Test Review: Exam 2
Mood Disorders
(In addition to the assessment information, don’t forget the Nursing Diagnoses & Interventions
reviewed in class)
• Mild Depressive Symptoms
o Transient Depressed mood – Will not be tested on this, as you were tested in
NURS 305
Bad day, crying for no reason then the next day you are
fine
Depressed mood that hasn’t become dysfunctional o
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
Symptoms: sad/ depressed mood, anxiety, tension,
irritability, mood swings, week prior to menses and
subsides after onset of menses Link between hormone
and serotonin Treatment:
• Non-pharm & Antidepressant Medications
• Exercise can help
• Sarafem (fluoxetine) o Take 20 mg 2 weeks before onset of period
and stop on
1st day of period; some women take it all the time
o Normal Grieving – Will not be tested on this, as you were tested in NURS 305
• Moderate Depressive Symptoms o Dysthymia
Moderate depression
Depressive symptoms for 2 years in adults, and 1 year in children
Seen more in women, poor, and unmarried
Not dysfunctional, but not functioning optimally
Track on mood calendar mrore bad days than good ones
Symptoms: depressed, sad, anxious, irritable, excessive crying, feelings
of guilt, low self esteem, anhedonia, sleep/ appetite, poor
concentration, headache, backache, poor school/ work performance,
social withdrawal, conflicts with others, suicidal attempts
Treatment: Non-pharm, Antidepressant Medication
• Psychotherapy, behavioral therapy, antidepressants, exercise
• Severe Depressive Symptoms o Depression: Seasonal type or also known as
Seasonal Affective Disorder
Mostly in women in the 20’s, linked to available sunlight, living in a
northern latitude / cloudy weather
Onset: fall (sept-nov)
Resolves: spring (march- may)
messages.downloaded_by
, lOMoAR cPSD| 57629747
Risk factors: working in a windowless office, recent illness, general life
stresses, family history of SAD
Symptoms
• Anhedonia, fatigue, irritability, increased appetite, carb cravings, difficulty with
concentration/memory, lack of interest in sexual activity, may have euphoric
episodes
Treatments:
• Non-pharm & Antidepressant
Medicationo Teach ab illness, have
well balanced meals, exercise, avoid
drugs and ETOH, encourage activities
that increase self esteem
• Light therapy
o Bright artificial light
with full spectrum of
colors
o Shifts timing of
circadian rhythm o
Adverse Affects:
First 1-3 days: irritability, agitation, and eye
strain
Overuse: irritability, agitation, fatigue
May induce mania in undiagnosed bipolar
Careful with contacts and meds that cause
photosensitivity
o Major Depression
Affective state characterized by feelings of sadness, guilt,
and low self esteem
Clinically significant impairment in social, occupational, or
other areas of functioning
Grieving can turn into MDD; may cause death due to risk
of suicide
¼ women and 1/8-12 me; onset: 15-30
Risk Factors
• Prior episodes of depression and suicide attempts
• Kindling someone has had so many depressive
disorder episodes that they start having episodes
for no reason with no trigger
• Family history, female, younger than 40
• Post partum, medical condition
• Lack of social support
• Stressful life events/ abuse; substance abuse
• Other psych disorders
Etiologies
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, lOMoAR cPSD| 57629747
• Genetic
o 40+ genes identified
o Whatever tx worked best for family member will work best for pt
metabolize meds similarly
o Cheek swag to run genetic profile
• Biochemical
o Deficiency of norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine
o Depending on which NT deficiency it is, it will cause
different symptoms
• Psychoimmunology o Related to inflammation
• Hormonal
o Decreased estrogen and progesterone, and increased
cortisol
o Circadian rhythm disruption
• Psychological o Anger turned inward holding feelings in and
not expressing them
o Negative self-concept, ineffective stress management,
lack of support systems, lack of clear goals
o High achievers are more likely to become depressed
• Behavioral o Learned helplessness, dependency,
powerlessness o Cognitive view all situations negatively
• Sociocultural o Minority, object of stereotyping, role loss,
empty nest
• Medications
o Can out you at a risk for depression:
Anti-HTN, psychotropic, antiparkinsonians,
narcotics, analgesics, cardio meds, oral
antidiabetics, antimicrobials, steroids, chemo,
cimetidine, ETOH, benzodiazepines
• Health Conditions o Hypoxia, hypercalcemia, diabetes,
Cushing’s, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, MS, ALS, cancer (esp
pancreatic), influenza, pneumonia, heart disease, COPD,
arthritis, IBS, incontinence, Lupus, anemia
• Transactional Model
o Depression is likely related to multiple factors, including
genetic, biochemical and psychosocial ones
DSM-V criteria
• Depressed mood or anhedonia AND 5 other symptoms of
depression
• Must be present for at least 2 weeks
• Cant have a history of mania this would be bipolar not MDD
Assessment
• Signs & Symptoms (Present for at least 2 weeks) o Depressed
mood o Hopeless o Helpless o Worthless o Guilt
messages.downloaded_by
Mental health- Test 2 study guide
, lOMoAR cPSD| 57629747
Test Review: Exam 2
Mood Disorders
(In addition to the assessment information, don’t forget the Nursing Diagnoses & Interventions
reviewed in class)
• Mild Depressive Symptoms
o Transient Depressed mood – Will not be tested on this, as you were tested in
NURS 305
Bad day, crying for no reason then the next day you are
fine
Depressed mood that hasn’t become dysfunctional o
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
Symptoms: sad/ depressed mood, anxiety, tension,
irritability, mood swings, week prior to menses and
subsides after onset of menses Link between hormone
and serotonin Treatment:
• Non-pharm & Antidepressant Medications
• Exercise can help
• Sarafem (fluoxetine) o Take 20 mg 2 weeks before onset of period
and stop on
1st day of period; some women take it all the time
o Normal Grieving – Will not be tested on this, as you were tested in NURS 305
• Moderate Depressive Symptoms o Dysthymia
Moderate depression
Depressive symptoms for 2 years in adults, and 1 year in children
Seen more in women, poor, and unmarried
Not dysfunctional, but not functioning optimally
Track on mood calendar mrore bad days than good ones
Symptoms: depressed, sad, anxious, irritable, excessive crying, feelings
of guilt, low self esteem, anhedonia, sleep/ appetite, poor
concentration, headache, backache, poor school/ work performance,
social withdrawal, conflicts with others, suicidal attempts
Treatment: Non-pharm, Antidepressant Medication
• Psychotherapy, behavioral therapy, antidepressants, exercise
• Severe Depressive Symptoms o Depression: Seasonal type or also known as
Seasonal Affective Disorder
Mostly in women in the 20’s, linked to available sunlight, living in a
northern latitude / cloudy weather
Onset: fall (sept-nov)
Resolves: spring (march- may)
messages.downloaded_by
, lOMoAR cPSD| 57629747
Risk factors: working in a windowless office, recent illness, general life
stresses, family history of SAD
Symptoms
• Anhedonia, fatigue, irritability, increased appetite, carb cravings, difficulty with
concentration/memory, lack of interest in sexual activity, may have euphoric
episodes
Treatments:
• Non-pharm & Antidepressant
Medicationo Teach ab illness, have
well balanced meals, exercise, avoid
drugs and ETOH, encourage activities
that increase self esteem
• Light therapy
o Bright artificial light
with full spectrum of
colors
o Shifts timing of
circadian rhythm o
Adverse Affects:
First 1-3 days: irritability, agitation, and eye
strain
Overuse: irritability, agitation, fatigue
May induce mania in undiagnosed bipolar
Careful with contacts and meds that cause
photosensitivity
o Major Depression
Affective state characterized by feelings of sadness, guilt,
and low self esteem
Clinically significant impairment in social, occupational, or
other areas of functioning
Grieving can turn into MDD; may cause death due to risk
of suicide
¼ women and 1/8-12 me; onset: 15-30
Risk Factors
• Prior episodes of depression and suicide attempts
• Kindling someone has had so many depressive
disorder episodes that they start having episodes
for no reason with no trigger
• Family history, female, younger than 40
• Post partum, medical condition
• Lack of social support
• Stressful life events/ abuse; substance abuse
• Other psych disorders
Etiologies
messages.downloaded_by
, lOMoAR cPSD| 57629747
• Genetic
o 40+ genes identified
o Whatever tx worked best for family member will work best for pt
metabolize meds similarly
o Cheek swag to run genetic profile
• Biochemical
o Deficiency of norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine
o Depending on which NT deficiency it is, it will cause
different symptoms
• Psychoimmunology o Related to inflammation
• Hormonal
o Decreased estrogen and progesterone, and increased
cortisol
o Circadian rhythm disruption
• Psychological o Anger turned inward holding feelings in and
not expressing them
o Negative self-concept, ineffective stress management,
lack of support systems, lack of clear goals
o High achievers are more likely to become depressed
• Behavioral o Learned helplessness, dependency,
powerlessness o Cognitive view all situations negatively
• Sociocultural o Minority, object of stereotyping, role loss,
empty nest
• Medications
o Can out you at a risk for depression:
Anti-HTN, psychotropic, antiparkinsonians,
narcotics, analgesics, cardio meds, oral
antidiabetics, antimicrobials, steroids, chemo,
cimetidine, ETOH, benzodiazepines
• Health Conditions o Hypoxia, hypercalcemia, diabetes,
Cushing’s, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, MS, ALS, cancer (esp
pancreatic), influenza, pneumonia, heart disease, COPD,
arthritis, IBS, incontinence, Lupus, anemia
• Transactional Model
o Depression is likely related to multiple factors, including
genetic, biochemical and psychosocial ones
DSM-V criteria
• Depressed mood or anhedonia AND 5 other symptoms of
depression
• Must be present for at least 2 weeks
• Cant have a history of mania this would be bipolar not MDD
Assessment
• Signs & Symptoms (Present for at least 2 weeks) o Depressed
mood o Hopeless o Helpless o Worthless o Guilt
messages.downloaded_by
