MDCA 1409 Final Exam QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS |
2026 UPDATE | WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.
Which of the following is an example of a normal physiologic process that uses a
positive feedback loop? - ANSWER-childbirth
Stimulation of the heat-loss center causes ________. - ANSWER-sweat glands to
increase their output
Which of the following is not a type of tissue? - ANSWER-embryonic
Organs that work together are grouped into organ systems. The organism level is the
highest level of organization. An [answer2] is a living being that has a cellular structure
and that can independently perform all physiologic functions necessary for life. In
multicellular organisms, including humans, all cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems
of the body work together to [answer3] of the organism. - ANSWER-Answer 1:
Organism level
Individuals can slow the rate of aging by modifying all of these lifestyle aspects except
for ________. - ANSWER-genetic factors
Which of the following is the epithelial tissue that lines the interior of blood vessels? -
ANSWER-Simple Squamous
In 1901, Wilhelm Röntgen was the first person to win the Nobel Prize for physics. For
what discovery did he win? - ANSWER-X-Rays
To make a banana split, you halve a banana into two long, thin, right and left sides
along the ________. - ANSWER-midsagittal plane
A collection of similar tissues that performs a specific function is an ________. -
ANSWER-Organ
Which type of epithelial tissue specializes in moving particles across its surface and is
found in airways and lining of the oviduct? - ANSWER-Stratifed Columnar
Which of these terms is used to describe the head region of a human? - ANSWER-
Cephalic
Atrophy refers to ________. - ANSWER-loss of mass
,The smallest independently functioning unit of an organism is an ________. -
ANSWER-Cell
Which of the following central nervous system cells regulate ions, regulate the uptake
and/or breakdown of some neurotransmitters, and contribute to the formation of the
blood-brain barrier? - ANSWER-Astrocytes
Under the microscope, a tissue specimen shows cells located in spaces scattered in a
transparent background. This is probably ________. - ANSWER-hyaline cartilage
Ligaments connect bones together and withstand a lot of stress. What type of
connective tissue should you expect ligaments to contain? - ANSWER-dense regular
connective tissue
Which structure separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity? -
ANSWER-diaphragm
Skeletal muscle is composed of very hard working cells. Which organelles do you
expect to find in abundance in skeletal muscle cell? - ANSWER-mitochondria
Which of the following imaging studies can be used most safely during pregnancy? -
ANSWER-Ultrasounds
What is the position of the body when it is in the "normal anatomical position?" -
ANSWER-None of the above
After you eat lunch, nerve cells in your stomach respond to the distension (the stimulus)
resulting from the food. They relay this information to ________. - ANSWER-control
center
Which of the following specialties might focus on studying all of the structures of the
ankle and foot? - ANSWER-regional anatomy
Which of the following statements about nutrients is true? - ANSWER-All classes of
nutrients are essential to human survival
Which of the following lines the body cavities exposed to the external environment? -
ANSWER-mucosa
Which of these structures is in a more superior location on the human body? -
ANSWER-hyoid bone
The body system responsible for structural support and movement is the ________. -
ANSWER-skeletal system
In observing epithelial cells under a microscope, the cells are arranged in a single layer
and look tall and narrow, and the nucleus is located close to the basal side of the cell.
The specimen is what type of epithelial tissue? - ANSWER-Columnar
Cancer cells can be characterized as "generic" cells that perform no specialized body
function. Thus cancer cells lack ________. - ANSWER-differentiation
Which of the following imaging techniques would be best to use to study the uptake of
nutrients by rapidly multiplying cancer cells? - ANSWER-PET
The nerve impulse travels down a(n) ________, away from the cell body. - ANSWER-
axon
The term meaning "close to the point of attachment is - ANSWER-proximal
The lumbar region is ________. - ANSWER-superior to the popliteal region
What would be the result of the action of the effectors in this feedback loop - ANSWER-
blood pressure would increase
Which of our body systems is associated with hormone control and release? -
ANSWER-endocrine
, What is the major fiber type found in most connective tissues? - ANSWER-collagen
Which connective tissue specializes in storage of fat? - ANSWER-adipose tissue
What are two major disadvantages of MRI scans? - ANSWER-high cost and the need
for shielding from the magnetic signals
Humans have the most urgent need for a continuous supply of ________. - ANSWER-
oxygen
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is an important molecule because it ________. -
ANSWER-stores energy for use by body cells
Which organ has cardiovascular, endocrine, and excretory functions? - ANSWER-
kidney
Which is a vertical plane that divides the body or an organ into right and left sides? -
ANSWER-sagittal plane
The heart is within the ________. - ANSWER-mediastinum
Differentiated cells in a developing embryo derive from ________. - ANSWER-
ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm
Homeostasis allows us to: - ANSWER-increase our blood pressure when we are
stressed
The process by which a less specialized cell matures into a more specialized cell is
called ________. - ANSWER-differentiation
A scientist wants to study how the body uses foods and fluids during a marathon run.
This scientist is most likely a(n) ________. - ANSWER-exercise physiologist
In DNA, nucleotide bonding forms a compound with a characteristic shape known as
a(n) ________. - ANSWER-double helix
Which of the following is a molecule, but not a compound? - ANSWER-H2
Which of the following is a functional group that is part of a building block of proteins? -
ANSWER-amino
A phospholipid __________ - ANSWER-has both polar and nonpolar regions
An ion can be best described as which of the following - ANSWER-An atom with an
altered number of electrons
A pentose sugar is a part of the monomer used to build which type of macromolecule? -
ANSWER-nucleic acids
What organic compound do brain cells primarily rely on for fuel? - ANSWER-Glucose
C6H12O6 is the chemical formula for a ________ - ANSWER-hexose monosaccharide
AB→A+B is a general notation for a(n) ________ reaction. - ANSWER-decomposition
A substance dissociates into K+ and Cl- in solution. The substance is a(n) ________. -
ANSWER-salt
Which of the following statements about chemical bonds is true? - ANSWER-Covalent
bonds are stronger that ionic bonds
Uracil ________. - ANSWER-all of the above
The major carbohydrate we use for energy in our bodies is - ANSWER-glucose
When an atom donates an electron to another atom, it becomes - ANSWER-An ion
Metabolism can be defined as the ________. - ANSWER-sum of all chemical reactions
in an organism
Chemical energy is a form of what type of energy? - ANSWER-potential energy
The energy stored in a foot of snow on a steep roof is ________. - ANSWER-potential
energy
2026 UPDATE | WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.
Which of the following is an example of a normal physiologic process that uses a
positive feedback loop? - ANSWER-childbirth
Stimulation of the heat-loss center causes ________. - ANSWER-sweat glands to
increase their output
Which of the following is not a type of tissue? - ANSWER-embryonic
Organs that work together are grouped into organ systems. The organism level is the
highest level of organization. An [answer2] is a living being that has a cellular structure
and that can independently perform all physiologic functions necessary for life. In
multicellular organisms, including humans, all cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems
of the body work together to [answer3] of the organism. - ANSWER-Answer 1:
Organism level
Individuals can slow the rate of aging by modifying all of these lifestyle aspects except
for ________. - ANSWER-genetic factors
Which of the following is the epithelial tissue that lines the interior of blood vessels? -
ANSWER-Simple Squamous
In 1901, Wilhelm Röntgen was the first person to win the Nobel Prize for physics. For
what discovery did he win? - ANSWER-X-Rays
To make a banana split, you halve a banana into two long, thin, right and left sides
along the ________. - ANSWER-midsagittal plane
A collection of similar tissues that performs a specific function is an ________. -
ANSWER-Organ
Which type of epithelial tissue specializes in moving particles across its surface and is
found in airways and lining of the oviduct? - ANSWER-Stratifed Columnar
Which of these terms is used to describe the head region of a human? - ANSWER-
Cephalic
Atrophy refers to ________. - ANSWER-loss of mass
,The smallest independently functioning unit of an organism is an ________. -
ANSWER-Cell
Which of the following central nervous system cells regulate ions, regulate the uptake
and/or breakdown of some neurotransmitters, and contribute to the formation of the
blood-brain barrier? - ANSWER-Astrocytes
Under the microscope, a tissue specimen shows cells located in spaces scattered in a
transparent background. This is probably ________. - ANSWER-hyaline cartilage
Ligaments connect bones together and withstand a lot of stress. What type of
connective tissue should you expect ligaments to contain? - ANSWER-dense regular
connective tissue
Which structure separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity? -
ANSWER-diaphragm
Skeletal muscle is composed of very hard working cells. Which organelles do you
expect to find in abundance in skeletal muscle cell? - ANSWER-mitochondria
Which of the following imaging studies can be used most safely during pregnancy? -
ANSWER-Ultrasounds
What is the position of the body when it is in the "normal anatomical position?" -
ANSWER-None of the above
After you eat lunch, nerve cells in your stomach respond to the distension (the stimulus)
resulting from the food. They relay this information to ________. - ANSWER-control
center
Which of the following specialties might focus on studying all of the structures of the
ankle and foot? - ANSWER-regional anatomy
Which of the following statements about nutrients is true? - ANSWER-All classes of
nutrients are essential to human survival
Which of the following lines the body cavities exposed to the external environment? -
ANSWER-mucosa
Which of these structures is in a more superior location on the human body? -
ANSWER-hyoid bone
The body system responsible for structural support and movement is the ________. -
ANSWER-skeletal system
In observing epithelial cells under a microscope, the cells are arranged in a single layer
and look tall and narrow, and the nucleus is located close to the basal side of the cell.
The specimen is what type of epithelial tissue? - ANSWER-Columnar
Cancer cells can be characterized as "generic" cells that perform no specialized body
function. Thus cancer cells lack ________. - ANSWER-differentiation
Which of the following imaging techniques would be best to use to study the uptake of
nutrients by rapidly multiplying cancer cells? - ANSWER-PET
The nerve impulse travels down a(n) ________, away from the cell body. - ANSWER-
axon
The term meaning "close to the point of attachment is - ANSWER-proximal
The lumbar region is ________. - ANSWER-superior to the popliteal region
What would be the result of the action of the effectors in this feedback loop - ANSWER-
blood pressure would increase
Which of our body systems is associated with hormone control and release? -
ANSWER-endocrine
, What is the major fiber type found in most connective tissues? - ANSWER-collagen
Which connective tissue specializes in storage of fat? - ANSWER-adipose tissue
What are two major disadvantages of MRI scans? - ANSWER-high cost and the need
for shielding from the magnetic signals
Humans have the most urgent need for a continuous supply of ________. - ANSWER-
oxygen
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is an important molecule because it ________. -
ANSWER-stores energy for use by body cells
Which organ has cardiovascular, endocrine, and excretory functions? - ANSWER-
kidney
Which is a vertical plane that divides the body or an organ into right and left sides? -
ANSWER-sagittal plane
The heart is within the ________. - ANSWER-mediastinum
Differentiated cells in a developing embryo derive from ________. - ANSWER-
ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm
Homeostasis allows us to: - ANSWER-increase our blood pressure when we are
stressed
The process by which a less specialized cell matures into a more specialized cell is
called ________. - ANSWER-differentiation
A scientist wants to study how the body uses foods and fluids during a marathon run.
This scientist is most likely a(n) ________. - ANSWER-exercise physiologist
In DNA, nucleotide bonding forms a compound with a characteristic shape known as
a(n) ________. - ANSWER-double helix
Which of the following is a molecule, but not a compound? - ANSWER-H2
Which of the following is a functional group that is part of a building block of proteins? -
ANSWER-amino
A phospholipid __________ - ANSWER-has both polar and nonpolar regions
An ion can be best described as which of the following - ANSWER-An atom with an
altered number of electrons
A pentose sugar is a part of the monomer used to build which type of macromolecule? -
ANSWER-nucleic acids
What organic compound do brain cells primarily rely on for fuel? - ANSWER-Glucose
C6H12O6 is the chemical formula for a ________ - ANSWER-hexose monosaccharide
AB→A+B is a general notation for a(n) ________ reaction. - ANSWER-decomposition
A substance dissociates into K+ and Cl- in solution. The substance is a(n) ________. -
ANSWER-salt
Which of the following statements about chemical bonds is true? - ANSWER-Covalent
bonds are stronger that ionic bonds
Uracil ________. - ANSWER-all of the above
The major carbohydrate we use for energy in our bodies is - ANSWER-glucose
When an atom donates an electron to another atom, it becomes - ANSWER-An ion
Metabolism can be defined as the ________. - ANSWER-sum of all chemical reactions
in an organism
Chemical energy is a form of what type of energy? - ANSWER-potential energy
The energy stored in a foot of snow on a steep roof is ________. - ANSWER-potential
energy
