Bio 210 Exam 5 Study Guide
Griffith's experiments with heat killed pathogenic bacteria and live non-pathogenic
bacteria indicated something from the dead bacteria could do something to the living,
non-pathogenic bacteria that he called transformation. What changes were observed in
colony appearance and pathogenicity? - answer When the heat-killed S cells were
mixed with the living R cells they combined and formed living S cells- smooth
encapsulated cells
What biological macromolecule did Avery, McCarty, and MacLeod identify as Griffith's
transforming factor – answer DNA
Chromatin is composed of protein and DNA. Likewise bacterial viruses (bacteriophage)
are composed of DNA and protein. In the Hershey and Chase experiments which of
these two molecules entered the bacterial cell and which stayed on the outside? -
answerS-protein stays outside cells
P-DNA enters cells
In the structure of DNA, what part of DNA synthesis (replication) was obvious from the
double-stranded structure? - answerSemi-conservative
Replication is involved in which of the two major DNA functions? - answerHereditary
Function
Transcription and translation are involved in which of the two major DNA functions -
answerCell Regulation Function
Name the 5 enzymes needed for DNA replication - answer1. Helicase
2. DNA polymerase III
3. DNA polymerase I
4. Primase
5. Ligase
Name the DNA binding protein - answerSingle-Stranded DNA Binding Protein = SSBP
What is the function of SSBP - answer1. Binds single-stranded DNA
2. Permits replication to copy single strands
What is the function of Helicase - answer1. Unwinds DNA
2. Permits DNA strand separation
What is the function of DNA polymerase III - answer1. Replicates DNA
2. Synthesizes long strands of DNA
, What is the function of DNA polymerase I - answer1. Repairs DNA
2. Cuts out mismatched DNA
3. Cuts out RNA
4. Synthesizes short strands of DNA
5. Replaces RNA primer with DNA
6. Proof-reads DNA
Why are two DNA polymerases necessary - answerBecause they have two different
functions and we need one for each direction of replication
What is the function of primase - answer1. Special RNA polymerase
2. Initiates DNA replication
3. Synthesizes short RNA primer
What is the function of ligase - answerRepairs breaks in DNA strands
Why are 8 nucleotide triphosphates needed for DNA synthesis - answer4 are needed
for RNA priming and 4 are needed for DNA synthesis
At the 5' end of an Okazaki fragment, what nucleotide polymer is present -
answerPrimase
At the 3' end of an Okazaki fragment, what nucleotide polymer is present - answerDNA
polymerase III
What enzyme converts Okazaki fragments in to exclusively DNA molecules -
answerDNA polymerase I
What enzyme links Okazaki fragments together - answerLigase
At the ori in a bacterial chromosome, what is the region of replicating DNA consisting of
two replication forks, which are moving in opposite directions - answeroriC
In a replication fork there are two template strands, the leading strand and the lagging
strand. In which strand is DNA synthesis continuous - answerLeading strand
In the replication fork there are two template strands, the leading strand and the lagging
strand. In which strand is DNA synthesis discontinuous - answerLagging strand
What is the first polymer that primase makes to initiate DNA synthesis - answerDNA
polymerase
What does DNA polymerase III bind before it can start synthesizing DNA - answerThe
primer strand
Griffith's experiments with heat killed pathogenic bacteria and live non-pathogenic
bacteria indicated something from the dead bacteria could do something to the living,
non-pathogenic bacteria that he called transformation. What changes were observed in
colony appearance and pathogenicity? - answer When the heat-killed S cells were
mixed with the living R cells they combined and formed living S cells- smooth
encapsulated cells
What biological macromolecule did Avery, McCarty, and MacLeod identify as Griffith's
transforming factor – answer DNA
Chromatin is composed of protein and DNA. Likewise bacterial viruses (bacteriophage)
are composed of DNA and protein. In the Hershey and Chase experiments which of
these two molecules entered the bacterial cell and which stayed on the outside? -
answerS-protein stays outside cells
P-DNA enters cells
In the structure of DNA, what part of DNA synthesis (replication) was obvious from the
double-stranded structure? - answerSemi-conservative
Replication is involved in which of the two major DNA functions? - answerHereditary
Function
Transcription and translation are involved in which of the two major DNA functions -
answerCell Regulation Function
Name the 5 enzymes needed for DNA replication - answer1. Helicase
2. DNA polymerase III
3. DNA polymerase I
4. Primase
5. Ligase
Name the DNA binding protein - answerSingle-Stranded DNA Binding Protein = SSBP
What is the function of SSBP - answer1. Binds single-stranded DNA
2. Permits replication to copy single strands
What is the function of Helicase - answer1. Unwinds DNA
2. Permits DNA strand separation
What is the function of DNA polymerase III - answer1. Replicates DNA
2. Synthesizes long strands of DNA
, What is the function of DNA polymerase I - answer1. Repairs DNA
2. Cuts out mismatched DNA
3. Cuts out RNA
4. Synthesizes short strands of DNA
5. Replaces RNA primer with DNA
6. Proof-reads DNA
Why are two DNA polymerases necessary - answerBecause they have two different
functions and we need one for each direction of replication
What is the function of primase - answer1. Special RNA polymerase
2. Initiates DNA replication
3. Synthesizes short RNA primer
What is the function of ligase - answerRepairs breaks in DNA strands
Why are 8 nucleotide triphosphates needed for DNA synthesis - answer4 are needed
for RNA priming and 4 are needed for DNA synthesis
At the 5' end of an Okazaki fragment, what nucleotide polymer is present -
answerPrimase
At the 3' end of an Okazaki fragment, what nucleotide polymer is present - answerDNA
polymerase III
What enzyme converts Okazaki fragments in to exclusively DNA molecules -
answerDNA polymerase I
What enzyme links Okazaki fragments together - answerLigase
At the ori in a bacterial chromosome, what is the region of replicating DNA consisting of
two replication forks, which are moving in opposite directions - answeroriC
In a replication fork there are two template strands, the leading strand and the lagging
strand. In which strand is DNA synthesis continuous - answerLeading strand
In the replication fork there are two template strands, the leading strand and the lagging
strand. In which strand is DNA synthesis discontinuous - answerLagging strand
What is the first polymer that primase makes to initiate DNA synthesis - answerDNA
polymerase
What does DNA polymerase III bind before it can start synthesizing DNA - answerThe
primer strand
