Bio 210 Exam 4 Study Guide
The cell cycle really pertains to dividing cells. What is the definition of the cell cycle -
answer Life of a cell from the time it is first formed from a dividing parent cell until its
own division into two cells
What are the two independent components of cell division called - answerMitosis and
Cytokinesis
What kind of organisms use cell division as a means of reproduction - answer
Unicellular organisms
What are the three key roles cell division plays in biology - answer1. Reproduction
2. Growth and development
3. Tissue renewal and repair
What is the definition of a genome - answer1. Consists of all the DNA in a cell
2. can consist of a single DNA molecule (common in prokaryotic cells) or a number of
DNA molecules (common in eukaryotic cells)
How many chromosomes does a typical prokaryote possess - answer1
Where are the chromosomes found in eukaryotic cells - answerIn the nucleus
Where is the extra-chromosomal DNA found in animal cells - answerIn the mitochondria
Where is the extra-chromosomal DNA found in plant cells - answerIn the chloroplast
What are the two macromolecules that comprise chromatin - answerDNA, protein, and
RNA
Which component of chromatin is responsible for DNA condensation - answerHistones
Human somatic cells have 46 chromosomes do algae, hedgehog, and elephant cells
also have 46 chromosomes - answerNo, algae have 148, hedgehog have 90, and
elephant have 56
Where do maternal chromosomes come from - answerThe mom
Where do paternal chromosomes come from - answerThe dad
How many maternal and how many paternal chromosomes are found in each human
somatic cell - answer23 maternal chromosomes and 23 paternal chromosomes
, What is a human somatic cell - answerIt is a non reproductive cell
How many sets of chromosomes does a human somatic cell possess - answer2 sets of
chromosomes
What is a human gamete - answerIt is a reproductive cell (sperm and eggs)
How many sets of chromosomes does a human gamete possess - answer1 set of
chromosomes
Given a metaphase chromosome, identify the telomeres - answerThe end of the
chromosome
Given a metaphase chromosome, identify the arms - answerP-arm: the short end of the
chromosome
Q-arm: the long end of the chromosome
Given a metaphase chromosome, identify the centromere - answerThe center of the
chromosome
Why do metaphase chromosomes look like the letter X - answerBecause the two
separate chromatids are connected at a single spot, the centromere
Chromosomes observed during mitosis are duplicated chromosomes. What is each
member of the duplicated chromosome called - answerSister chromatids
If an organism has 56 chromosomes in its somatic cells, how many sister chromatids
are there after S (DNA synthesis) phase of the cell cycle - answer112 sister chromatids
What is the name of the protein that attach sister chromatids to each other -
answerCohesins
What is the name of the enzyme that cleaves the above protein at the end of
metaphase - answerSeparase
What is the name of the motor protein that attaches to each sister chromatid centromere
- answerKinetochores
When we talk of the cell cycle we can divide it into two phases. The names of these two
phases are - answerInterphase and Mitotic (M) phase
When we talk of the cell cycle we can divide it into 4 phases. The names of these four
phases are - answer1. Interphase
2. S phase
3. Mitosis
The cell cycle really pertains to dividing cells. What is the definition of the cell cycle -
answer Life of a cell from the time it is first formed from a dividing parent cell until its
own division into two cells
What are the two independent components of cell division called - answerMitosis and
Cytokinesis
What kind of organisms use cell division as a means of reproduction - answer
Unicellular organisms
What are the three key roles cell division plays in biology - answer1. Reproduction
2. Growth and development
3. Tissue renewal and repair
What is the definition of a genome - answer1. Consists of all the DNA in a cell
2. can consist of a single DNA molecule (common in prokaryotic cells) or a number of
DNA molecules (common in eukaryotic cells)
How many chromosomes does a typical prokaryote possess - answer1
Where are the chromosomes found in eukaryotic cells - answerIn the nucleus
Where is the extra-chromosomal DNA found in animal cells - answerIn the mitochondria
Where is the extra-chromosomal DNA found in plant cells - answerIn the chloroplast
What are the two macromolecules that comprise chromatin - answerDNA, protein, and
RNA
Which component of chromatin is responsible for DNA condensation - answerHistones
Human somatic cells have 46 chromosomes do algae, hedgehog, and elephant cells
also have 46 chromosomes - answerNo, algae have 148, hedgehog have 90, and
elephant have 56
Where do maternal chromosomes come from - answerThe mom
Where do paternal chromosomes come from - answerThe dad
How many maternal and how many paternal chromosomes are found in each human
somatic cell - answer23 maternal chromosomes and 23 paternal chromosomes
, What is a human somatic cell - answerIt is a non reproductive cell
How many sets of chromosomes does a human somatic cell possess - answer2 sets of
chromosomes
What is a human gamete - answerIt is a reproductive cell (sperm and eggs)
How many sets of chromosomes does a human gamete possess - answer1 set of
chromosomes
Given a metaphase chromosome, identify the telomeres - answerThe end of the
chromosome
Given a metaphase chromosome, identify the arms - answerP-arm: the short end of the
chromosome
Q-arm: the long end of the chromosome
Given a metaphase chromosome, identify the centromere - answerThe center of the
chromosome
Why do metaphase chromosomes look like the letter X - answerBecause the two
separate chromatids are connected at a single spot, the centromere
Chromosomes observed during mitosis are duplicated chromosomes. What is each
member of the duplicated chromosome called - answerSister chromatids
If an organism has 56 chromosomes in its somatic cells, how many sister chromatids
are there after S (DNA synthesis) phase of the cell cycle - answer112 sister chromatids
What is the name of the protein that attach sister chromatids to each other -
answerCohesins
What is the name of the enzyme that cleaves the above protein at the end of
metaphase - answerSeparase
What is the name of the motor protein that attaches to each sister chromatid centromere
- answerKinetochores
When we talk of the cell cycle we can divide it into two phases. The names of these two
phases are - answerInterphase and Mitotic (M) phase
When we talk of the cell cycle we can divide it into 4 phases. The names of these four
phases are - answer1. Interphase
2. S phase
3. Mitosis
