Fundamentals of nursing exam 1 QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS .
A 3-year-old child is being admitted to a medical division for vomiting, diarrhea, and
dehydration. During the admission interview, the nurse should implement which
communication techniques to elicit the most information from the parents?
a. The use of reflective questions
b. The use of closed questions
c. The use of assertive questions
d. The use of clarifying questions - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅d. The use of the clarifying
question or comment allows the nurse to gain an understanding of a patient's comment.
When used properly, this technique can avert possible misconceptions that could lead
to an inappropriate nursing diagnosis. The reflective question technique involves
repeating what the person has said or describing the person's feelings. Open-ended
questions encourage free verbalization and expression of what the parents believe to be
true. Assertive behavior is the ability to stand up for yourself and others using open,
honest, and direct communication
A 55-year-old client has just undergone surgery for a knee replacement. He asks the
nurse if he can shave because his face is itching from the stubble. What information is a
priority for the nurse to verify prior to shaving the client?
client's allergies to soap since shaving cream is contraindicated in the hospital
the last time shaving was performed because clients can only shave twice weekly in the
hospital medications listed on the client's medication administration record (MAR)
cultural views and attitudes toward facial hair and grooming - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅medications listed on the client's medication administration record (MAR)
A client 80 years of age experienced dysphagia (impaired swallowing) in the weeks
following a recent stroke, but his care team wishes to now begin introducing minced and
pureed food. How should the nurse best position the client?
A)
Fowler's
B)
Low-Fowler's
C)
Protective supine
,D)
Semi-Fowler's - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Ans:
A
Feedback:
Fowler's position optimizes cardiac function and respiratory function in addition to being
the best position for eating. The client's risk of aspiration would be extreme in a supine
position. Low-Fowler's and semi-Fowler's are synonymous, and this position does not
aid swallowing as much as a high-Fowler's position.
A client age 50 years reports to a primary care unit with an open wound due to a fall in
the bathroom. Which of the following nursing actions represents caring skills?
A)
The nurse cleans the wound and applies a dressing to it.
B)
The nurse inspects and examines the wound for swelling.
C)
The nurse tells the client to use caution while on slippery surfaces.
D)
The nurse informs the client that the wound is small and will heal easily. - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅Ans:
A
A client has undergone foot surgery and will use crutches in the short term. Which
teaching point should the nurse provide to the client?
"When your crutches fit right, most of your body weight will be supported by your
armpits."
"We'll have the nursing assistant watch you while you walk around the unit the first
time."
"Your elbows will be slightly bent when you are using your crutches."
"If you feel tired while walking with your crutches, rest your weight on your armpits for a
moment and then continue slowly." - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅"If you feel tired while
,walking with your crutches, rest your weight on your armpits for a moment and then
continue slowly."
A client is admitted to the health care facility with a diagnosis of pediculosis capitis.
Which of the following would the nurse expect to find in the client?
A)
Diffuse scaling of the epidermis
B)
Itching and flaking of whitish scales
C)
Premature loss of hair
D)
Inflammation related to bites along the hairline
. - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Ans:
D
Feedback:
The nurse would find inflamed bites along the hairline in the client with pediculosis
infestation. Diffuse scaling of the epidermis with itching and flaking of whitish scales is
seen in clients who have dandruff. Hair loss is not a manifestation of pediculosis capitis
A client who has been admitted to the hospital for the treatment of a gastrointestinal
bleed requires a transfusion of packed red blood cells. Which of the following aspects of
the nurse's execution of this order demonstrates technical skill?
A)
Starting a new, large-gauge intravenous site on the client, and priming the infusion
tubing
B)
Understanding the Rh system that underlies the client's blood type
C)
, Ensuring that informed consent has been obtained and properly filed in the client's chart
D)
Explaining the process that will be involved in preparing and administering the
transfusion - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Ans:
A
Feedback:
Performing tasks that require manual dexterity is a manifestation of technical skills.
Explaining the transfusion process is largely dependent on interpersonal skills, while
understanding the theory behind blood types is indicative of cognitive skills. Informed
consent lies within the domain of legal/ethical skills.
A client who has been lying prone reports shortness of breath and a sensation of
choking. Into which position will the nurse place the client?
Sims'
Fowler's
supine
prone - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Fowler's
A febrile preschool-aged child presents to the after-hours clinic. Varicella (chickenpox)
is diagnosed on the basis of the illness history and the presence of small, circumscribed
skin lesions filled with serous fluid. Which type of skin lesion will the nurse report?
a. Vesicles
b. Wheals
c. Papules
d. Pustules - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅a. Vesicles
A female patient who is receiving chemotherapy for breast cancer tells the nurse, "The
treatment for this cancer is worse than the disease itself. I'm not going to come for my
therapy anymore." The nurse responds by using critical thinking skills to address this
patient problem. Which action is the first step the nurse would take in this process?
a. The nurse judges whether the patient database is adequate to address the problem.
b. The nurse considers whether or not to suggest a counseling session for the patient.
c. The nurse reassesses the patient and decides how best to intervene in her care.
d. The nurse identifies several options for intervening in the patient's care and critiques
the merit of each option. - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅c. The first step when thinking
critically about a situation is to identify the purpose or goal of your thinking. Reassessing
the patient helps to discipline thinking by directing all thoughts toward the goal. Once
the problem is addressed, it is important for the nurse to judge the adequacy of the
knowledge, identify potential problems, use helpful resources, and critique the decision.
CORRECT ANSWERS .
A 3-year-old child is being admitted to a medical division for vomiting, diarrhea, and
dehydration. During the admission interview, the nurse should implement which
communication techniques to elicit the most information from the parents?
a. The use of reflective questions
b. The use of closed questions
c. The use of assertive questions
d. The use of clarifying questions - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅d. The use of the clarifying
question or comment allows the nurse to gain an understanding of a patient's comment.
When used properly, this technique can avert possible misconceptions that could lead
to an inappropriate nursing diagnosis. The reflective question technique involves
repeating what the person has said or describing the person's feelings. Open-ended
questions encourage free verbalization and expression of what the parents believe to be
true. Assertive behavior is the ability to stand up for yourself and others using open,
honest, and direct communication
A 55-year-old client has just undergone surgery for a knee replacement. He asks the
nurse if he can shave because his face is itching from the stubble. What information is a
priority for the nurse to verify prior to shaving the client?
client's allergies to soap since shaving cream is contraindicated in the hospital
the last time shaving was performed because clients can only shave twice weekly in the
hospital medications listed on the client's medication administration record (MAR)
cultural views and attitudes toward facial hair and grooming - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅medications listed on the client's medication administration record (MAR)
A client 80 years of age experienced dysphagia (impaired swallowing) in the weeks
following a recent stroke, but his care team wishes to now begin introducing minced and
pureed food. How should the nurse best position the client?
A)
Fowler's
B)
Low-Fowler's
C)
Protective supine
,D)
Semi-Fowler's - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Ans:
A
Feedback:
Fowler's position optimizes cardiac function and respiratory function in addition to being
the best position for eating. The client's risk of aspiration would be extreme in a supine
position. Low-Fowler's and semi-Fowler's are synonymous, and this position does not
aid swallowing as much as a high-Fowler's position.
A client age 50 years reports to a primary care unit with an open wound due to a fall in
the bathroom. Which of the following nursing actions represents caring skills?
A)
The nurse cleans the wound and applies a dressing to it.
B)
The nurse inspects and examines the wound for swelling.
C)
The nurse tells the client to use caution while on slippery surfaces.
D)
The nurse informs the client that the wound is small and will heal easily. - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅Ans:
A
A client has undergone foot surgery and will use crutches in the short term. Which
teaching point should the nurse provide to the client?
"When your crutches fit right, most of your body weight will be supported by your
armpits."
"We'll have the nursing assistant watch you while you walk around the unit the first
time."
"Your elbows will be slightly bent when you are using your crutches."
"If you feel tired while walking with your crutches, rest your weight on your armpits for a
moment and then continue slowly." - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅"If you feel tired while
,walking with your crutches, rest your weight on your armpits for a moment and then
continue slowly."
A client is admitted to the health care facility with a diagnosis of pediculosis capitis.
Which of the following would the nurse expect to find in the client?
A)
Diffuse scaling of the epidermis
B)
Itching and flaking of whitish scales
C)
Premature loss of hair
D)
Inflammation related to bites along the hairline
. - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Ans:
D
Feedback:
The nurse would find inflamed bites along the hairline in the client with pediculosis
infestation. Diffuse scaling of the epidermis with itching and flaking of whitish scales is
seen in clients who have dandruff. Hair loss is not a manifestation of pediculosis capitis
A client who has been admitted to the hospital for the treatment of a gastrointestinal
bleed requires a transfusion of packed red blood cells. Which of the following aspects of
the nurse's execution of this order demonstrates technical skill?
A)
Starting a new, large-gauge intravenous site on the client, and priming the infusion
tubing
B)
Understanding the Rh system that underlies the client's blood type
C)
, Ensuring that informed consent has been obtained and properly filed in the client's chart
D)
Explaining the process that will be involved in preparing and administering the
transfusion - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Ans:
A
Feedback:
Performing tasks that require manual dexterity is a manifestation of technical skills.
Explaining the transfusion process is largely dependent on interpersonal skills, while
understanding the theory behind blood types is indicative of cognitive skills. Informed
consent lies within the domain of legal/ethical skills.
A client who has been lying prone reports shortness of breath and a sensation of
choking. Into which position will the nurse place the client?
Sims'
Fowler's
supine
prone - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Fowler's
A febrile preschool-aged child presents to the after-hours clinic. Varicella (chickenpox)
is diagnosed on the basis of the illness history and the presence of small, circumscribed
skin lesions filled with serous fluid. Which type of skin lesion will the nurse report?
a. Vesicles
b. Wheals
c. Papules
d. Pustules - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅a. Vesicles
A female patient who is receiving chemotherapy for breast cancer tells the nurse, "The
treatment for this cancer is worse than the disease itself. I'm not going to come for my
therapy anymore." The nurse responds by using critical thinking skills to address this
patient problem. Which action is the first step the nurse would take in this process?
a. The nurse judges whether the patient database is adequate to address the problem.
b. The nurse considers whether or not to suggest a counseling session for the patient.
c. The nurse reassesses the patient and decides how best to intervene in her care.
d. The nurse identifies several options for intervening in the patient's care and critiques
the merit of each option. - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅c. The first step when thinking
critically about a situation is to identify the purpose or goal of your thinking. Reassessing
the patient helps to discipline thinking by directing all thoughts toward the goal. Once
the problem is addressed, it is important for the nurse to judge the adequacy of the
knowledge, identify potential problems, use helpful resources, and critique the decision.
