Summary General Paediatrics

Paediatrics
Seminars
- Prematurity
- Abnormal Neurodevelopment
- Jaundice
- Bruising in Children
- Respiratory Techniques
- Seizures/Epilepsy
- Fever/Sepsis
- Murmurs/CHD
- Paediatric Ophthalmology

Acute/Emergency Medical
1. Thermal injury
- Scald
- Smoke inhalation
- Electrical burn
2. Drowning
3. Foreign body
4. Poisoning – paracetamol,
iron, aspirin
5. Cot death – SID, non-
accidental injury
Surgery
6. Neck lump – cervical
lymphadenitis, congenital
cyst, malignancy
7. Abdo pain – acute
appendicitis, mesenteric
adenitis, intussception,
volvulus, Meckel’s
8. Groin/scrotal swelling –
inguinal hernia, hydrocele,
varicoele
9. Painful scrotum – testis
torsion, epididymo-orchitis
10. Absent testes –
cryptorchidism
11. Painful foreskin –
balantitis, phimosis
12. Abdominal mass –
constipation, hydronephrosis,
neuroblastoma,
nephroblastoma
13. RTC – head injury
14. Paediatric Life Support
Cardiovascular 1. Murmur – innocent, VSD,

, acyanotic defects
2. Cyanosis – ToF,
transposition, respiratory
disorder
3. Breathlessness – cardiac
failure, respiratory disease
4. Collapse – sudden collapse, funny
turn
5. Chest pain
Respiratory 1. URTI – acute pharyngitis,
coryza, tonsillitis, otitis
media
2. Wheeze – asthma,
bronchiolitis
3. Stridor
4. Cough – pertussis
5. Chronic cough – CF
6. Breathlessness – pneumonia,
TB, HF
ENT 1. Runny nose – allergic rhinitis
2. Painful ear – acute otitis
media, chronic otitis media
3. Sore throat – chronic
tonsillitis, adenoidal
hyperplasia, tonsillar
hypertrophy
Infection, Allergy and Immunology 1. Meningitis (fever)
2. Rash – exanthemata,
meninogococcal septicaemia,
Henoch-Schonlein, Kawasaki,
Hand foot and mouth disease
3. Shock – meningococcal
disease, septicaemia
4. AIDS – congenital infections,
immunodeficiency
5. Allergic reaction – food
allergy, anaphylaxis
6. Immunisation – vaccine
preventable diseases
Endocrine and Metabolic 1. T1D
2. Hypothyroidism
3. Hyperthyroidism
4. Growth disorder – short
stature, GHD
5. Metabolic disturbance –
hypoglycaemic obesity
Gastro + Nutrition 1. Acute diarrhoea – infective
gastroenteritis, ORT
2. Chronic diarrhoea – toddler

, diarrhoea, Cow’s milk protein
intolerance, coeliac, IBD,
parasitic infection
3. Persistent vomiting – pyloric
stenosis, GO reflux
4. Constipation – functional,
Hirschprung’s
5. Recurrent abdo pain –
functional pain
6. Jaundice – HAV, HBV
7. Failure to thrive –
psychosocial deprivation,
feeding problems
Renal 1. UTI – vesico-ureteric reflux
2. Oedema – minimal change
3. Haematuria – acute nephritis,
UTI, Henoch-Schonlein,
Wilm’s tumour
4. Acute renal failure –
haemolytic uraemic
syndrome, acute nephritis,
tubular damage
Dermatology 1. Eczema
2. Psoriasis
3. Seborrheic dermatitis
4. Impetigo
5. Herpes simplex
6. Scalded skin syndrome
7. Scabies head lice
8. Measles
Oncology/Haematology 1. Pallor – IDA,
haemoglobinopathy,
haemolytic anaemia, acute
lymphoblastic leukaemia
2. Excessive bruising – IDP, NAI,
Henoch-Scholein, ALL,
haemophilia
3. Malignancies – ALL,
neuroblastoma, brain tumour
retinoblastoma
Rheumatology 1. Painful swollen limbs –
juvenile chronic arthritis,
reactive arthritis, Henonch-
Schonlein, idiopathic pain
2. Limp – transient synovitis,
congenital dislocation of hip,
Perthe’s, slipped femoral
emphysis
3. Painful limb – osteomyelitis,

, septic arthritis, fracture, sick
cell
Growth and Sexual Development 1. Variation in Growth –
constitutional delay, familial
short stature
2. Variation in sexual
development – precocious
puberty, late puberty
Legal Issues 1. Fraser Guidelines


Acute / Emergency
1. Thermal injury
Overview
- Burns are a significant accidental cause of death
- Scalds are common in children – they are scalded at lower
temperatures than adults.

Presentation
Complications
- Toxic shock syndrome

Management
- ABC
- Smoke inhalation – risk of CO poisoning
- Depth of burn
- Surface area of burn
- Involvement of special sites e.g. face, mouth (airway compromise)