Biodiversity and Physiology of Body Systems
C2.1 All Organisms are related through their
evolutionary history
(a) the classification of organisms into groups based on their
evolutionary relationships and that classification places organisms into
discrete and hierarchical groups with other closely related species
(b) the need for classification and its tentative nature
o temporary
o more information is to discover
(c) the three domain classification system as compared with the five
Kingdom classification system
Domains -> share distinctive unique pattern of ribosomal RNA -> close
evolutionary relationship
Eukarya – plants, animals, fungi and protoctisist
Eubacteria – common bactereia
Archea – living in hostile environment (eg extreme temperature)
(d) the characteristic features of Kingdoms: Prokaryote, Protoctista,
Plantae, Fungi, Animalia
Prokaryot Protoctista Plantae Fungi Animalia
e
Autotrophic
&
Multicellular
Cellulose
cell wall
,Plantae
o 70s ribosomes
Prokaryote
o Single cellular
o Peptidoglycan
o 70s ribosomes
Protoctista
o Single/multi cellular
o 70s
o Heterotrophic/ autotrophic
o Do not form tissues
(e) the use of physical features and biochemical methods to assess the
relatedness of organisms, including that DNA ‘genetic fingerprinting’ and enzyme
studies show relatedness without the problem of morphological convergence
(f) the concept of species
- similar characteristics
- can interbreed
- to produce viable fertile offsprings
- similar organisms -> interbreed -> fertile viable offsprings
(g) the use of the binomial system in naming organisms
(h) biodiversity as the number and variety of organisms found within a
specified geographic region
(i) biodiversity varying spatially and over time and affected by many
factors
(j) biodiversity can be assessed in a habitat e.g. Simpson’s Diversity
Index
(k) biodiversity can be assessed within a species at a genetic level by
looking at the variety of alleles in the gene pool of a population, i.e. the
proportion of polymorphic loci across the genome
- Which of these can be used to assess genetic polymorphism?
- Number of alleles in loci
- The difference in nucleotide
2
, - Number of loci have multiple alleles
(l) biodiversity can be assessed at a molecular level using DNA
fingerprinting and sequencing
DNA fingerprinting
DNA sequencing (/amino acid)
(m) biodiversity has been generated through natural selection
(n) the different types of adaptations of organisms to their
environment including anatomical, physiological and behavioural
adaptations
SPECIFIED PRACTICAL WORK
• Investigation into biodiversity in a habitat
3
C2.1 All Organisms are related through their
evolutionary history
(a) the classification of organisms into groups based on their
evolutionary relationships and that classification places organisms into
discrete and hierarchical groups with other closely related species
(b) the need for classification and its tentative nature
o temporary
o more information is to discover
(c) the three domain classification system as compared with the five
Kingdom classification system
Domains -> share distinctive unique pattern of ribosomal RNA -> close
evolutionary relationship
Eukarya – plants, animals, fungi and protoctisist
Eubacteria – common bactereia
Archea – living in hostile environment (eg extreme temperature)
(d) the characteristic features of Kingdoms: Prokaryote, Protoctista,
Plantae, Fungi, Animalia
Prokaryot Protoctista Plantae Fungi Animalia
e
Autotrophic
&
Multicellular
Cellulose
cell wall
,Plantae
o 70s ribosomes
Prokaryote
o Single cellular
o Peptidoglycan
o 70s ribosomes
Protoctista
o Single/multi cellular
o 70s
o Heterotrophic/ autotrophic
o Do not form tissues
(e) the use of physical features and biochemical methods to assess the
relatedness of organisms, including that DNA ‘genetic fingerprinting’ and enzyme
studies show relatedness without the problem of morphological convergence
(f) the concept of species
- similar characteristics
- can interbreed
- to produce viable fertile offsprings
- similar organisms -> interbreed -> fertile viable offsprings
(g) the use of the binomial system in naming organisms
(h) biodiversity as the number and variety of organisms found within a
specified geographic region
(i) biodiversity varying spatially and over time and affected by many
factors
(j) biodiversity can be assessed in a habitat e.g. Simpson’s Diversity
Index
(k) biodiversity can be assessed within a species at a genetic level by
looking at the variety of alleles in the gene pool of a population, i.e. the
proportion of polymorphic loci across the genome
- Which of these can be used to assess genetic polymorphism?
- Number of alleles in loci
- The difference in nucleotide
2
, - Number of loci have multiple alleles
(l) biodiversity can be assessed at a molecular level using DNA
fingerprinting and sequencing
DNA fingerprinting
DNA sequencing (/amino acid)
(m) biodiversity has been generated through natural selection
(n) the different types of adaptations of organisms to their
environment including anatomical, physiological and behavioural
adaptations
SPECIFIED PRACTICAL WORK
• Investigation into biodiversity in a habitat
3
