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Lecture notes

AC1.3 Criminology Unit 1

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Ripple effect:

- The ripple effect is how a crime can be spread through society. This
can be something like domestic abuse, a person could have gone
through it during their childhood, because of that they can be the
offender instead of being the victim



Cultural differences:

- As laws vary in different countries, this can make a person unaware of
the law in the country they are living now than the country they were
born in. Meaning that the crime can go unreported due to the lack of
knowledge. Such as FGM being legal in certain Asian countries but
being illegal in the UK.



Decriminalization:

- Certain laws are frequently altered as they cannot be imposed as they
should be. Such as cannabis in the UK being used quite often and
nothing happening about it. The government still has little choice but
to decriminalize the offences as no one is enforcing the law they’ve
made, making people not report it.



Police prioritization:

- Police prioritize certain crimes more than the other due to lack of funds
or lack of resources. As this occurs certain crimes go unreported
because the people know the crime won’t get investigated by the
police as the police don’t have enough resources to do so. Making
people want to report crimes less.



Unrecorded Crimes:

- This means that the crime is reported but not recorded by the police.
This also means that no investigation has occurred as the police may
think it isn’t enough evidence or other things. This can mean people
can commit the same crime and get away with it because the police
don’t do anything about it.

, Cultural Change:

- People may think that minor crimes such as illegal streaming or illegal
downloading of songs may be fine, so large amounts of a community
take part in it, and it becomes ‘acceptable’ to make others not want to
report such things.

Legal Change:

- Crimes can go unreported due to human rights. As people thought
some crimes were wrong to be a law people didn’t want to report it
due to it. This forced the government to change the law due to it not
being reported and instead it was encouraged to commit the crime.



Procedural Change:

- Crimes can go unreported due to how ways have been changed to
report a crime. Crimes used to be reported by




When crimes go unreported it is often due to lack of public concern/interest
or because as previously mentioned a victimless crime. With this information
we can deduct that the potential criminal can proceed without
consequences.

There are many consequences of unreported crimes some positives, some
negative:

Ripple effect- the impact can spread beyond the immediate victim. An
example such as murder would be the persons -> family, police, friends ->
CPS. Burglary would be Victim/ family -> neighbours, community, landlord,
council -> Police/CPS. If the crime is reported it can lead to people having no
closure, but the crimes would have been passed onto the right hands.

Cultural impact- diverse cultures view the same crime differently, crimes can
be unreported, unrecognised, turned a blind eye too because they are alien
to some but these all lead to suffering if not reported. i.e. FGM- is illegal in

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