ADVANCED MED SURG REVIEW NUR 265
EXAM 1 2026 PRACTICE TEST WITH
SOLUTIONS
◉ What are end stage S/S of cirrhosis? Answer: -Ascites
-Small liver
-clotting disorder (bruising, GI bleed)
-Jaundice
-Elevated ammonia levels (give Lactulose)
-Hepatic encephalopathy
-Decreased bile production
◉ What are the stages of hepatic encephalopathy? Answer: -Stage 1:
personality changes, subtle things that may not be recognized
-Stage 2: Continuing mental changes, mental confusion,
disorientation to time, place, and person
-Stage 3: Marked mental confusion, progressive deterioration
-Stage 4: metabolic acidosis, unresponsiveness leading to death in
most patients, unarousable
,◉ What causes hepatic encephalopathy? Answer: The buildup of
ammonia in the body
◉ Describe the physical assessment of an end stage cirrhosis
patient. Answer: -Ascites
-Jaundice
-Coagulation problems
-Fatigue
-Spider angiomas
-Petechiae
-Liver flaps (asterixis)
◉ What is a Blake-Moore tube used for? Answer: Esophageal Varices
◉ Describe a paracentesis. Answer: -A procedure that is needed to
get rid of the fluid in the abdomen
-Have the pt. void before the procedure (ensures the bladder is out
of the way and wont get punctured)
-Patient is positioned in fowlers position in bed
◉ What are the treatments for cirrhosis? Answer: Transplant is the
only cure!
, ◉ Describe the diet for a patient with cirrhosis. Answer: -Small
frequent meals
-High carbs
-High protein
-Moderate fats
-Moderate vitamins
◉ What medications are given to patients with cirrhosis? Answer: -
Diuretics
-PPI or H blockers
-Broad spectrum antibiotics
-FFP-coags
-Platelets thrombocytopenia
◉ Describe acute pancreatitis. Answer: A serious and at times life
threatening inflammation of the pancreas. It is caused by premature
ativation of excessive pancreatic enzymes that destroy tissues and
pancreatic cells (basically the pancreas starts digesting itself)
◉ What are causes of acute pancreatitis? Answer: -Choleylithiasis
-Trauma to pancreas
-Chronic ETOH consumption
EXAM 1 2026 PRACTICE TEST WITH
SOLUTIONS
◉ What are end stage S/S of cirrhosis? Answer: -Ascites
-Small liver
-clotting disorder (bruising, GI bleed)
-Jaundice
-Elevated ammonia levels (give Lactulose)
-Hepatic encephalopathy
-Decreased bile production
◉ What are the stages of hepatic encephalopathy? Answer: -Stage 1:
personality changes, subtle things that may not be recognized
-Stage 2: Continuing mental changes, mental confusion,
disorientation to time, place, and person
-Stage 3: Marked mental confusion, progressive deterioration
-Stage 4: metabolic acidosis, unresponsiveness leading to death in
most patients, unarousable
,◉ What causes hepatic encephalopathy? Answer: The buildup of
ammonia in the body
◉ Describe the physical assessment of an end stage cirrhosis
patient. Answer: -Ascites
-Jaundice
-Coagulation problems
-Fatigue
-Spider angiomas
-Petechiae
-Liver flaps (asterixis)
◉ What is a Blake-Moore tube used for? Answer: Esophageal Varices
◉ Describe a paracentesis. Answer: -A procedure that is needed to
get rid of the fluid in the abdomen
-Have the pt. void before the procedure (ensures the bladder is out
of the way and wont get punctured)
-Patient is positioned in fowlers position in bed
◉ What are the treatments for cirrhosis? Answer: Transplant is the
only cure!
, ◉ Describe the diet for a patient with cirrhosis. Answer: -Small
frequent meals
-High carbs
-High protein
-Moderate fats
-Moderate vitamins
◉ What medications are given to patients with cirrhosis? Answer: -
Diuretics
-PPI or H blockers
-Broad spectrum antibiotics
-FFP-coags
-Platelets thrombocytopenia
◉ Describe acute pancreatitis. Answer: A serious and at times life
threatening inflammation of the pancreas. It is caused by premature
ativation of excessive pancreatic enzymes that destroy tissues and
pancreatic cells (basically the pancreas starts digesting itself)
◉ What are causes of acute pancreatitis? Answer: -Choleylithiasis
-Trauma to pancreas
-Chronic ETOH consumption
