A patient with normal lungs should be able exhale what percentage of the FVC
within one second after initiating an Forced Vital Capacity maneuver?
A. 35-50% of the FVC
B. 50-70% of the FVC
C. 70-83% of the FVC
D. 84-93% of the FVC - ANSWER The normal range for the FEV1 as a percent of the
FVC (FEV1%) is 70-83%. Patients with
obstructive pulmonary disease will show a reduction in timed FEV% values, while
patients with restrictive disorders will generally exhibit normal (or sometimes high)
FEV% values.
The correct answer is: 70-83% of the FVC
Simple spirometry can be used to measure any of the following except:
A. vital capacity
B. residual volume
C. tidal volume
D. inspiratory reserve volume - ANSWER Residual volume is defined as the amount of
air left in the lungs after a maximal
exhalation. Because the RV cannot be exhaled, it is impossible to be measured by
simple spirometry. And because the RV is a component of the FRC and TLC, simple
spirometry also cannot measure these capacities.
1
,The correct answer is: residual volume
A patient presents to the emergency room with a depressed level of consciousness
and is severely agitated. Which of the following approaches can be used to obtain
their medication history?
A. obtain and review the patient's past medical history
B. ask the patient's nurse about the patient's prescriptions
C. request that the lab run a comprehensive blood drug screen
D. obtain the patient's current prescription vials from the family - ANSWER For pa-
tients with a depressed level of consciousness or severe agitation, you may have
to obtain the medication history from the family members. In these cases, it also may
be useful to either obtain information on the pharmacies where the patient has
prescriptions filled, or request that a family member provide the hospital pharmacy
with all the patient's current prescription vials for review.
The correct answer is: obtain the patient's current prescription vials from the family
Which of the following thoracic ultrasound findings will show with the presence of
a pneumothorax?
A. presence of gliding sign
B. absence of A-lines
C. presence of barcode sign
D. presence of seashore sign - ANSWER The following are ultrasound findings con-
sistent with the presence of an underlying
pneumothorax: absence of the gliding sign and B-lines, and the presence of A-lines and
(on M-mode) the barcode sign. A lung point sign (or lead point) also may be present in
patients with a pneumothorax, representing the transition between an area where
2
, pleural gliding is visible and where it stops (demarcating the beginning of air in the
pleural space). The presence of the seashore sign on M-mode rules out pneumothorax.
The correct answer is: presence of barcode sign
Which of the following would increase insensible water loss in a patient?
A. hypothermia
B. bypassed upper airway
C. hypoventilation
D. diuretic administration - ANSWER The evaporative loss of water through the skin
and respiratory tract is called insensible
loss. Normally about two-thirds of this is lost through the skin, with only about onethird
is lost via the respiratory tract. It is increased by fever, hypermetabolism and
7
hyperventilation. Insensible water also increases when the upper airway is bypassed
and no supplemental humidification is provided.
The correct answer is: bypassed upper airway
Which of the following would decrease a patient's energy expenditure?
A. hypothermia
B. inflammation
C. major trauma
D. agitation/pain - ANSWER Common factors decreasing metabolic rate (and thus en-
ergy expenditure) include
sedation/analgesics, muscle paralysis, shock/hypovolemia, hypothermia/cooling,
3
within one second after initiating an Forced Vital Capacity maneuver?
A. 35-50% of the FVC
B. 50-70% of the FVC
C. 70-83% of the FVC
D. 84-93% of the FVC - ANSWER The normal range for the FEV1 as a percent of the
FVC (FEV1%) is 70-83%. Patients with
obstructive pulmonary disease will show a reduction in timed FEV% values, while
patients with restrictive disorders will generally exhibit normal (or sometimes high)
FEV% values.
The correct answer is: 70-83% of the FVC
Simple spirometry can be used to measure any of the following except:
A. vital capacity
B. residual volume
C. tidal volume
D. inspiratory reserve volume - ANSWER Residual volume is defined as the amount of
air left in the lungs after a maximal
exhalation. Because the RV cannot be exhaled, it is impossible to be measured by
simple spirometry. And because the RV is a component of the FRC and TLC, simple
spirometry also cannot measure these capacities.
1
,The correct answer is: residual volume
A patient presents to the emergency room with a depressed level of consciousness
and is severely agitated. Which of the following approaches can be used to obtain
their medication history?
A. obtain and review the patient's past medical history
B. ask the patient's nurse about the patient's prescriptions
C. request that the lab run a comprehensive blood drug screen
D. obtain the patient's current prescription vials from the family - ANSWER For pa-
tients with a depressed level of consciousness or severe agitation, you may have
to obtain the medication history from the family members. In these cases, it also may
be useful to either obtain information on the pharmacies where the patient has
prescriptions filled, or request that a family member provide the hospital pharmacy
with all the patient's current prescription vials for review.
The correct answer is: obtain the patient's current prescription vials from the family
Which of the following thoracic ultrasound findings will show with the presence of
a pneumothorax?
A. presence of gliding sign
B. absence of A-lines
C. presence of barcode sign
D. presence of seashore sign - ANSWER The following are ultrasound findings con-
sistent with the presence of an underlying
pneumothorax: absence of the gliding sign and B-lines, and the presence of A-lines and
(on M-mode) the barcode sign. A lung point sign (or lead point) also may be present in
patients with a pneumothorax, representing the transition between an area where
2
, pleural gliding is visible and where it stops (demarcating the beginning of air in the
pleural space). The presence of the seashore sign on M-mode rules out pneumothorax.
The correct answer is: presence of barcode sign
Which of the following would increase insensible water loss in a patient?
A. hypothermia
B. bypassed upper airway
C. hypoventilation
D. diuretic administration - ANSWER The evaporative loss of water through the skin
and respiratory tract is called insensible
loss. Normally about two-thirds of this is lost through the skin, with only about onethird
is lost via the respiratory tract. It is increased by fever, hypermetabolism and
7
hyperventilation. Insensible water also increases when the upper airway is bypassed
and no supplemental humidification is provided.
The correct answer is: bypassed upper airway
Which of the following would decrease a patient's energy expenditure?
A. hypothermia
B. inflammation
C. major trauma
D. agitation/pain - ANSWER Common factors decreasing metabolic rate (and thus en-
ergy expenditure) include
sedation/analgesics, muscle paralysis, shock/hypovolemia, hypothermia/cooling,
3
