Davis Advantage for Pathophysiology
2026 Latest Questions – Correct Answers
‣ Immunity is defined as: Answer: The way the body defends itself
against injurious agents in the environment
‣ Immune Response is aimed to protect cells from ____________
Answer: Injurious agents (Antigens)
‣ Innate immunity refers to natural mechanisms that ward off invaders as
a___________ Answer: First Line of defense
‣ Anatomic barriers, Processes within the GI tract, Normal flora, Bodily
Fluids & Phagocytic cells Answer: Components of Innate Immunity
‣ Anatomical Barriers consist of ________ Answer: 1. Nasal
epithelium(consist of mucus producing cells and hair that traps inhaled
substances)
2. intact skin prevents infection
3. mucus membrane
‣ Phagocytic cells engulf and ingest __________ Answer:
microorganisms and other noxious substances
‣ macrophages and neutrophils Answer: Types of phagocytic cells
, ‣ 1. Saliva: Pathogens are weakened by the enzymes and antibacterial
properties in the saliva.
2. Gastric juices: Destroys pathogens with HCL Answer: Processes
within the GI tract
‣ Normal Flora is ______________ that live in symbiosis with the body
Answer: Natural bacteria colonies
‣ C-diff or C-diff colitis is caused by Answer: Abuse or misuse or
antibacterials
‣ ____________________is when the normal flora in the gut is
destroyed Answer: C-diff infection (Clostridium Difficle)
‣ Vancomycin Answer: used to treat c. difficile. Must be taken orally for
it to reach the gut.
‣ Stool Transplant Answer: Transplanting stool from a healthy person to
the colon of a patient with repeat c.difficile infection has been shown to
successfully treat c.diff.
‣ Tears (flushes pathogens from the eyes)
Sweat (acts as an antibacterial on the skin)
Urine (its acidity eliminates antigens from the genitourinary tract)
Answer: Bodily Secretions
2026 Latest Questions – Correct Answers
‣ Immunity is defined as: Answer: The way the body defends itself
against injurious agents in the environment
‣ Immune Response is aimed to protect cells from ____________
Answer: Injurious agents (Antigens)
‣ Innate immunity refers to natural mechanisms that ward off invaders as
a___________ Answer: First Line of defense
‣ Anatomic barriers, Processes within the GI tract, Normal flora, Bodily
Fluids & Phagocytic cells Answer: Components of Innate Immunity
‣ Anatomical Barriers consist of ________ Answer: 1. Nasal
epithelium(consist of mucus producing cells and hair that traps inhaled
substances)
2. intact skin prevents infection
3. mucus membrane
‣ Phagocytic cells engulf and ingest __________ Answer:
microorganisms and other noxious substances
‣ macrophages and neutrophils Answer: Types of phagocytic cells
, ‣ 1. Saliva: Pathogens are weakened by the enzymes and antibacterial
properties in the saliva.
2. Gastric juices: Destroys pathogens with HCL Answer: Processes
within the GI tract
‣ Normal Flora is ______________ that live in symbiosis with the body
Answer: Natural bacteria colonies
‣ C-diff or C-diff colitis is caused by Answer: Abuse or misuse or
antibacterials
‣ ____________________is when the normal flora in the gut is
destroyed Answer: C-diff infection (Clostridium Difficle)
‣ Vancomycin Answer: used to treat c. difficile. Must be taken orally for
it to reach the gut.
‣ Stool Transplant Answer: Transplanting stool from a healthy person to
the colon of a patient with repeat c.difficile infection has been shown to
successfully treat c.diff.
‣ Tears (flushes pathogens from the eyes)
Sweat (acts as an antibacterial on the skin)
Urine (its acidity eliminates antigens from the genitourinary tract)
Answer: Bodily Secretions
