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Lecture notes

IGCSE Computer Science (0478) – Chapter 5 Internet & Cyber Security – Complete Revision Notes

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These are structured and comprehensive revision notes for IGCSE Computer Science (0478) – Chapter 5: The Internet & Its Uses. The document clearly explains all key internet technologies and cyber security threats with exam-focused bullet points aligned to Cambridge mark schemes. Topics included: • Internet vs World Wide Web • URL structure and components • HTTP and HTTPS • DNS and IP address resolution • Web page retrieval process (6-mark structured answer) • Web browsers and cookies • Digital currency and cryptocurrency • Blockchain (proof of work, hash values, decentralised systems) • Cyber security threats: – Brute force attacks – Data interception – DDoS – Malware (virus, worm, trojan, spyware, ransomware) – Phishing & spear phishing – Pharming & DNS cache poisoning – Social engineering • Security methods: – Authentication (passwords, biometrics, two-step verification) – Firewalls – Proxy servers – Anti-malware – Automatic updates Includes structured mark scheme answers and explanation points for high-mark theory questions.

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internet nd www

, Internet vs world wide web:
-​ The internet is the infrastructure
- It is a concept rather than something tangible.
- it relies on physical infrastructure to allow networks and individual devices to connect to other
networks and devices
-​ The world wide web is the collection of websites and web pages accessed using the internet.
- its a massive collection of web pages based on the hyper text transfer protocol

Internet:
-​ users can send and receive emails
-​ allows online chatting
-​ makes use of transmission protocols and internet protocols
-​ its a worldwide collection of interconnected networks and devices

World wide web:
-​ collection of multimedia web pages and other info on websites
-​ http protocols are written using hyper text markup language
-​ uniform resource locators are used to specify the location of web pages
-​ web resources are accessed by web browsers
-​ uses the internet to access info from web servers

Uniform Resource Locators: It is a text based address of a web page, it can contain the protocol, the
domain name, and the web page/file name.

protocol://website address (domain name)/path/file name

protocol: http or https
website address:
-​ domain host (www)
-​ domain name (website name)
-​ domain type (.com, .org, .net)
-​ sometimes country code (.uk .de .cry)

Hyper text transfer protocol: the language used to design, display and format web pages, and to write
http(s) protocols.
-​ a set of rules that must be obeyed when transferring files across the internet
-​ https is hyper text transfer protocol secure; it has extra security such as SSL applied
-​ it's a more secure way of sending and receiving data across a network.

Web Browsers:
Main purpose: to render hypertext markup language and display web pages

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Publisher: Unknown ISBN: 9781398320758 Edition: Unknown

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Study
School year
2
Uploaded on
February 25, 2026
Number of pages
15
Written in
2025/2026
Type
Lecture notes
Professor(s)
Ms. priyanka
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