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FOUNDATIONS FOR POPULATION HEALTH IN COMMUNITY/PUBLI
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C HEALTH NURSING
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by Marcia Stanhope, Jeanette Lancaster
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6TH EDITION
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, Table of Contents w# w#
Chapter 01: Public Health Nursing and Population Health
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Chapter 02: The History of Public Health and Public and Community Health Nursing Stanhope: Cha
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pter 03: US and Global Health Care
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Chapter 04: Government, the Law, and Policy Activism
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w# Chapter 05: Economics of US Health Care Delivery
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Chapter 06: Ethics in Public and Community Health Nursing Practic
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e Chapter 07: Culture of Populations in Communities
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Chapter 08: Environmental Health Chap
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ter 09: Evidence-
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Based Practice Chapter 10: Epidemiologi
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cal Applications
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Chapter 11: Infectious Disease Prevention and Control
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Chapter 12: Communicable and Infection Disease Risk
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s Chapter 13: Community Assessment and Evaluation
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Chapter 14: Health Education in the Community Cha
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pter 15: Case Management
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Chapter 16: Disaster Managementw# w# w#
Chapter 17: Public Health Surveillance and Outbreak Investigation C
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hapter 18: Program Management
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Chapter 19: Healthcare Improvement in the Community
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Chapter 20: Family Development, Family Nursing Assessment, and Genomics
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Chapter 21: Family Health Risksw# w# w# w#
Chapter 22: Health Risks Across the Life Span
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Chapter 23: Health Equity and Care of Vulnerable Populations Chap
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ter 24: Rural Health and Migrant Health
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Chapter 25: Poverty, Homelessness, Teen Pregnancy, and Mental Illness Cha
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pter 26: Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drug Problems in the Community Chapt
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er 27: Violence and Human Abuse
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Chapter 28: Nursing Practice at the Local, State, and National Levels in Public Health C
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hapter 29: The Faith Community Nurse
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Chapter 30: The Nurse in Public Health, Home Health, Palliative Care, and Hospice Cha
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pter 31: The Nurse in the Schools
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Chapter 32: The Nurse in Occupational Health
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, Chapter 01: Public Health Nursing and Population Health
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Stanhope: Foundations for Population Health in Community/Public Health Nursing, 6th Edition
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MULTIPLE CHOICE w#
1. WHICH statement best describes community-based nursing?
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a. A practice in WHICH care is provided for individuals and families.
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b. Providing care with a focus on the group’s needs. w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w#
c. Giving care with a focus on the aggregate’s needs.
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d. A value system in WHICH all clients receive optimal care.
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ANS w # A
By definition, community-based nursing is a setting-
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specific practice in WHICH care is provided for “sick” individuals and families where they live, work, and attend school. Th
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e emphasis is on acute and chronic care and the provision of comprehensive, coordinated, and continuous care. These Nurse
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s may be generalists or specialists in maternal–infant, pediatric, adult, or psychiatric mental health nursing. Community-
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based nursing emphasizes acute and chronic care to individuals and families, rather than focusing on groups, aggregates, or
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systems.
2. WHICH statement best describes the goal of community-oriented nursing?
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a. Providing care to individuals and families w# w# w# w# w#
b. Providing care to manage acute or chronic conditions w# w# w# w# w# w# w#
c. Giving direct care to ill individuals within their family setting
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d. To preserve, protect, promote, or maintain health and prevent disease
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ANS w # D
By definition, community-
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oriented nursing has the goal of preserving, protecting, or maintaining health and preventing disease to promote the quality of
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life. All Nurses may focus on individuals and families, give direct care to ill persons within their family setting, and help
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manage acute or chronic conditions. These definitions are not specific to community-oriented nursing.
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3. WHICH of the Following is the primary focus of public health nursing?
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a. Families and groups w# w#
b. Illness-oriented care w#
c. Individuals within the family unit w# w# w# w#
d. Health care of communities and populations w# w# w# w# w#
ANS w # D
In public health nursing, the primary focus is on the health care of communities and populations rather than on individuals, g
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roups, and families. The goal is to prevent disease and preserve, promote, restore, and protect health for the community and t
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he population within it. Community-based Nurses deal primarily with illness-
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oriented care of individuals and families across the life span. The aim is to manage acute and chronic health conditions in
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the community, and the focus of practice is on individual or
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family-centered illness care. w# w#
4. WHICH of the Following is responsible for the dramatic increase in life expectancy during the 20th century?
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a. Technology increases in the field of medical laboratory research w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w#
b. Advances in surgical techniques and procedures w# w# w# w# w#
c. Sanitation and other population-based prevention programs w# w# w# w# w#
d. Use of antibiotics to fight infections
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ANS w # C
There has to be indisputable evidence collected over time that public health policies and programs were primarily responsible fo
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r increasing the average life span from 47 in 1900 to 78.6 years in 2017, an increase of approximately 60% in just over a century
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plus through improvements in (1) sanitation, (2) clean water supplies, (3) making workplaces safer, (4) improving food and drug
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#safety,
(5) immunizing children, and (6) improving nutrition, hygiene, and housing. Although people are excited when a new drug i
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s discovered that cures a disease or when a new way to transplant organs is perfected, it is important to know about the signi
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ficant gains in the health of populations that have come largely from public health accomplishments.
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5. A Nurse is developing a plan to decrease the number of premature deaths in the community. WHICH of the Foll
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owing interventions would most likely be implemented by the Nurse?
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a. Provide free health care to all citizens w# w# w# w# w# w#
b. To increase the number of individuals with access to effective health care benefits
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c. Lower the cost of health care to the American population
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d. To lessen the governmental burden of providing health care to Americans
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ANS w # B
The central feature in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) of 2010 are the mechanisms to increase the nu
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mber of people with health insurance. The care provided is not necessarily free. While the cost of health care and the burde
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n it places on the American government are serious concerns, they are not the primary focus of ACA.
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. 1
, 6. What is the basic assumption stated by Healthy People 2010 as it relates to public health efforts?
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a. Health disparities among any groups are morally and legally wrong.
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b. Health care is the most important priority in government planning and funding.
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c. The health of individuals cannot be separated from the health of the community.
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d. The government is responsible for lengthening the life span of Americans.
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ANS w # C
The major premise of Healthy People 2010 was that the health of the individual cannot be entirely separate from the health
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#of the larger community. Public health practice focuses on the community as a whole, and the effect of the community’s h
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ealth status (resources) on the health of individuals, families, and groups. The goal is to prevent disease and disability and pro
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mote and protect the health of the community as a whole. Public health can be described as what society collectively does t
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o ensure that conditions exist in WHICH people can be healthy. The basic assumptions of public health do not judge the mo
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rality of health disparities. The focus is on prevention of illness not on spending more on illness care. Additionally, individu
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al responsibility for making healthy choices is the directive for lengthening life span not the role of the government.
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7. WHICH of the Following actions would most likely be performed by a public health Nurse?
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a. Asking community leaders what interventions should be chosen
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b. Assessing the community and deciding on appropriate interventions
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c. Using data from the main health care institutions in the community to determ
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ine needed health services
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d. Working with community groups to create policies to improve the environment
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ANS w # D
Although the public health Nurse might engage in any of the tasks listed, he or she works primarily with members of the c
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ommunity to carry out core public health functions, including assessment of the population as a whole and engaging in pro
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moting health and improving the environment. The interventions of asking community leaders WHICH interventions should
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be chosen, assessing the community and deciding on appropriate interventions, and using data from health care institutions d
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o not demonstrate the engagement of the community when making decisions about what the community actually wants and
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needs.
8. WHICH public health Nurse most clearly fulfills the responsibilities of this role?
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a. The Nurse who met with several groups to discuss community recreation issues
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b. The Nurse who spent the day attending meetings of various health agencies
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c. The Nurse who talked to several people about their particular health concerns
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d. The Nurse who watched the city council meeting on local cable television
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ANS w # B
Any of these descriptions might represent a Nurse communicating, cooperating, or collaborating with community residents o
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r groups about health concerns. A major challenge for the future is the need for public health nursing specialists to be more
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aggressive in working collaboratively with various groups in the community as well as professional colleagues in institution
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al settings to deal with barriers to health. However, the Nurse who spent the day attending meetings of various health agenc
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ies is the most representative, because in public health, concerns are addressed from a broader perspective. In public health,
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broad concerns of the community should be addressed. Concerns are broader than recreation, individual concerns are not as i
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mportant as aggregate priorities, and watching television (a one-
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way form of communication) is less effective than interacting with others.
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9. WHICH of the Following best defines aggregate?
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a. A large group of persons
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b. A collection of individuals and families
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c. A collection of people who share one or more characteristics
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d. Another name for demographic group w# w# w# w#
ANS w # C
An aggregate is defined a collection of people who share one or more personal or environmental characteristics. Members o
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f a community can be defined in terms of either geography (e.g., a county, a group of counties, or a state) or a special inte
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rest (e.g., children attending a particular school). These members make up a population. The term population may be used inte
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rchangeably with the term aggregate. A large group of persons, a collection of individuals and families, and another name f
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or demographic group are not accurate definitions of the term aggregate.
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10. WHICH question asked by a novice Nurse would be the most reflective of an understanding of the role of a public health Nurse
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?
a. “WHICH groups are at the greatest risk for problems?”
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b. “WHICH patients should I see first as I begin my day?”
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c. “With WHICH physicians will I be most closely collaborating?”
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d. “With WHICH nursing assistants will I partner the most?”
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ANS w # A
Asking WHICH groups are at greatest risk reflects a community-
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oriented perspective. The incorrect responses reflect a focus on individuals rather than a community-oriented perspective.
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11. Making sure that essential community-oriented health services are available defines WHICH of the core public health functions?
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a. Policy development w#
b. Assessment
c. Assurance
d. Scientific knowledge-based care w# w#
ANS w # C
Assurance includes making sure that essential community-
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oriented health services are available in the community. The definition does not fit the terms assessment, policy development.
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Scientific knowledge-based care is not a core function of public health.
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Assessment is systematic data collection on the population, monitoring the population’s health status, and making informatio
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n available about the health of the community. Policy development refers to efforts to develop policies that support the health
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of the population, including using a scientific knowledge base to make policy decisions.
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. 2
FOUNDATIONS FOR POPULATION HEALTH IN COMMUNITY/PUBLI
w# w# w# w# w#
C HEALTH NURSING
w# w#
by Marcia Stanhope, Jeanette Lancaster
w# w# w# w# w #
6TH EDITION
w#
, Table of Contents w# w#
Chapter 01: Public Health Nursing and Population Health
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Chapter 02: The History of Public Health and Public and Community Health Nursing Stanhope: Cha
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pter 03: US and Global Health Care
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Chapter 04: Government, the Law, and Policy Activism
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w# Chapter 05: Economics of US Health Care Delivery
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Chapter 06: Ethics in Public and Community Health Nursing Practic
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e Chapter 07: Culture of Populations in Communities
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Chapter 08: Environmental Health Chap
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ter 09: Evidence-
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Based Practice Chapter 10: Epidemiologi
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cal Applications
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Chapter 11: Infectious Disease Prevention and Control
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Chapter 12: Communicable and Infection Disease Risk
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s Chapter 13: Community Assessment and Evaluation
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Chapter 14: Health Education in the Community Cha
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pter 15: Case Management
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Chapter 16: Disaster Managementw# w# w#
Chapter 17: Public Health Surveillance and Outbreak Investigation C
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hapter 18: Program Management
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Chapter 19: Healthcare Improvement in the Community
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Chapter 20: Family Development, Family Nursing Assessment, and Genomics
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Chapter 21: Family Health Risksw# w# w# w#
Chapter 22: Health Risks Across the Life Span
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Chapter 23: Health Equity and Care of Vulnerable Populations Chap
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ter 24: Rural Health and Migrant Health
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Chapter 25: Poverty, Homelessness, Teen Pregnancy, and Mental Illness Cha
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pter 26: Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drug Problems in the Community Chapt
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er 27: Violence and Human Abuse
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Chapter 28: Nursing Practice at the Local, State, and National Levels in Public Health C
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hapter 29: The Faith Community Nurse
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Chapter 30: The Nurse in Public Health, Home Health, Palliative Care, and Hospice Cha
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pter 31: The Nurse in the Schools
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Chapter 32: The Nurse in Occupational Health
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, Chapter 01: Public Health Nursing and Population Health
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Stanhope: Foundations for Population Health in Community/Public Health Nursing, 6th Edition
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MULTIPLE CHOICE w#
1. WHICH statement best describes community-based nursing?
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a. A practice in WHICH care is provided for individuals and families.
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b. Providing care with a focus on the group’s needs. w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w#
c. Giving care with a focus on the aggregate’s needs.
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d. A value system in WHICH all clients receive optimal care.
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ANS w # A
By definition, community-based nursing is a setting-
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specific practice in WHICH care is provided for “sick” individuals and families where they live, work, and attend school. Th
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e emphasis is on acute and chronic care and the provision of comprehensive, coordinated, and continuous care. These Nurse
w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w#
s may be generalists or specialists in maternal–infant, pediatric, adult, or psychiatric mental health nursing. Community-
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based nursing emphasizes acute and chronic care to individuals and families, rather than focusing on groups, aggregates, or
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systems.
2. WHICH statement best describes the goal of community-oriented nursing?
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a. Providing care to individuals and families w# w# w# w# w#
b. Providing care to manage acute or chronic conditions w# w# w# w# w# w# w#
c. Giving direct care to ill individuals within their family setting
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d. To preserve, protect, promote, or maintain health and prevent disease
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ANS w # D
By definition, community-
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oriented nursing has the goal of preserving, protecting, or maintaining health and preventing disease to promote the quality of
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life. All Nurses may focus on individuals and families, give direct care to ill persons within their family setting, and help
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manage acute or chronic conditions. These definitions are not specific to community-oriented nursing.
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3. WHICH of the Following is the primary focus of public health nursing?
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a. Families and groups w# w#
b. Illness-oriented care w#
c. Individuals within the family unit w# w# w# w#
d. Health care of communities and populations w# w# w# w# w#
ANS w # D
In public health nursing, the primary focus is on the health care of communities and populations rather than on individuals, g
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roups, and families. The goal is to prevent disease and preserve, promote, restore, and protect health for the community and t
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he population within it. Community-based Nurses deal primarily with illness-
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oriented care of individuals and families across the life span. The aim is to manage acute and chronic health conditions in
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the community, and the focus of practice is on individual or
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family-centered illness care. w# w#
4. WHICH of the Following is responsible for the dramatic increase in life expectancy during the 20th century?
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a. Technology increases in the field of medical laboratory research w# w# w# w# w# w# w# w#
b. Advances in surgical techniques and procedures w# w# w# w# w#
c. Sanitation and other population-based prevention programs w# w# w# w# w#
d. Use of antibiotics to fight infections
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ANS w # C
There has to be indisputable evidence collected over time that public health policies and programs were primarily responsible fo
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r increasing the average life span from 47 in 1900 to 78.6 years in 2017, an increase of approximately 60% in just over a century
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plus through improvements in (1) sanitation, (2) clean water supplies, (3) making workplaces safer, (4) improving food and drug
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#safety,
(5) immunizing children, and (6) improving nutrition, hygiene, and housing. Although people are excited when a new drug i
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s discovered that cures a disease or when a new way to transplant organs is perfected, it is important to know about the signi
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ficant gains in the health of populations that have come largely from public health accomplishments.
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5. A Nurse is developing a plan to decrease the number of premature deaths in the community. WHICH of the Foll
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owing interventions would most likely be implemented by the Nurse?
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a. Provide free health care to all citizens w# w# w# w# w# w#
b. To increase the number of individuals with access to effective health care benefits
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c. Lower the cost of health care to the American population
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d. To lessen the governmental burden of providing health care to Americans
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ANS w # B
The central feature in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) of 2010 are the mechanisms to increase the nu
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mber of people with health insurance. The care provided is not necessarily free. While the cost of health care and the burde
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n it places on the American government are serious concerns, they are not the primary focus of ACA.
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. 1
, 6. What is the basic assumption stated by Healthy People 2010 as it relates to public health efforts?
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a. Health disparities among any groups are morally and legally wrong.
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b. Health care is the most important priority in government planning and funding.
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c. The health of individuals cannot be separated from the health of the community.
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d. The government is responsible for lengthening the life span of Americans.
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ANS w # C
The major premise of Healthy People 2010 was that the health of the individual cannot be entirely separate from the health
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#of the larger community. Public health practice focuses on the community as a whole, and the effect of the community’s h
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ealth status (resources) on the health of individuals, families, and groups. The goal is to prevent disease and disability and pro
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mote and protect the health of the community as a whole. Public health can be described as what society collectively does t
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o ensure that conditions exist in WHICH people can be healthy. The basic assumptions of public health do not judge the mo
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rality of health disparities. The focus is on prevention of illness not on spending more on illness care. Additionally, individu
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al responsibility for making healthy choices is the directive for lengthening life span not the role of the government.
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7. WHICH of the Following actions would most likely be performed by a public health Nurse?
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a. Asking community leaders what interventions should be chosen
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b. Assessing the community and deciding on appropriate interventions
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c. Using data from the main health care institutions in the community to determ
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ine needed health services
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d. Working with community groups to create policies to improve the environment
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ANS w # D
Although the public health Nurse might engage in any of the tasks listed, he or she works primarily with members of the c
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ommunity to carry out core public health functions, including assessment of the population as a whole and engaging in pro
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moting health and improving the environment. The interventions of asking community leaders WHICH interventions should
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be chosen, assessing the community and deciding on appropriate interventions, and using data from health care institutions d
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o not demonstrate the engagement of the community when making decisions about what the community actually wants and
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needs.
8. WHICH public health Nurse most clearly fulfills the responsibilities of this role?
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a. The Nurse who met with several groups to discuss community recreation issues
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b. The Nurse who spent the day attending meetings of various health agencies
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c. The Nurse who talked to several people about their particular health concerns
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d. The Nurse who watched the city council meeting on local cable television
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ANS w # B
Any of these descriptions might represent a Nurse communicating, cooperating, or collaborating with community residents o
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r groups about health concerns. A major challenge for the future is the need for public health nursing specialists to be more
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aggressive in working collaboratively with various groups in the community as well as professional colleagues in institution
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al settings to deal with barriers to health. However, the Nurse who spent the day attending meetings of various health agenc
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ies is the most representative, because in public health, concerns are addressed from a broader perspective. In public health,
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broad concerns of the community should be addressed. Concerns are broader than recreation, individual concerns are not as i
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mportant as aggregate priorities, and watching television (a one-
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way form of communication) is less effective than interacting with others.
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9. WHICH of the Following best defines aggregate?
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a. A large group of persons
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b. A collection of individuals and families
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c. A collection of people who share one or more characteristics
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d. Another name for demographic group w# w# w# w#
ANS w # C
An aggregate is defined a collection of people who share one or more personal or environmental characteristics. Members o
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f a community can be defined in terms of either geography (e.g., a county, a group of counties, or a state) or a special inte
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rest (e.g., children attending a particular school). These members make up a population. The term population may be used inte
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rchangeably with the term aggregate. A large group of persons, a collection of individuals and families, and another name f
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or demographic group are not accurate definitions of the term aggregate.
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10. WHICH question asked by a novice Nurse would be the most reflective of an understanding of the role of a public health Nurse
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?
a. “WHICH groups are at the greatest risk for problems?”
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b. “WHICH patients should I see first as I begin my day?”
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c. “With WHICH physicians will I be most closely collaborating?”
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d. “With WHICH nursing assistants will I partner the most?”
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ANS w # A
Asking WHICH groups are at greatest risk reflects a community-
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oriented perspective. The incorrect responses reflect a focus on individuals rather than a community-oriented perspective.
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11. Making sure that essential community-oriented health services are available defines WHICH of the core public health functions?
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a. Policy development w#
b. Assessment
c. Assurance
d. Scientific knowledge-based care w# w#
ANS w # C
Assurance includes making sure that essential community-
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oriented health services are available in the community. The definition does not fit the terms assessment, policy development.
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Scientific knowledge-based care is not a core function of public health.
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Assessment is systematic data collection on the population, monitoring the population’s health status, and making informatio
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n available about the health of the community. Policy development refers to efforts to develop policies that support the health
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of the population, including using a scientific knowledge base to make policy decisions.
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. 2
