Page 1 of 34
Statistics Final Exam Questions Newest Updated
Exam 2026 Solved Questions & Answers Verified 100%
Graded A+ (Latest Version)
What is a single sample test that is appropriate when the standard deviation is
unknown?
t test
Regression focuses on using the relationship between two variables for....
A. correlation
B. prediction
C. error variance or
D. sampling distribution
B. prediction
In an experiment, the investigator systematically manipulates the ____ and
observes the effects on the ____.
independent variable; dependent variable
According to the logic of hypothesis testing, results of an experiment are
evaluated by assessing....
the null hypothesis
A nonparametric test...
depends minimally on population characteristics
A 99% confidence interval would have a(n) ____ range of values compared to a
95% confidence interval.
wider range
Randomly sampling one at a time replacement from a candy jar... 5 Laffy Taffy,
7 Mars Bars, and 8 Gumballs, what is the probability of obtaining a Gumball, a
Laffy Taffy, and a Mars Bar in that order?
0.0350; to solve.... multiply the probability of each
(and = multiply; or = add)
Since a continuous variable may have an infinite number of values between
adjacent units on a scale, all measures made of a continuous variable are...
A. discrete
B. approximate
C. significant
D. nominal
B. approximate
Correlation is a topic that focuses on the ___ and the ____ of a relationship
between two variables.
, Page 2 of 34
direction and degree
If the independent variable has an effect and the experimenter retains the null
hypothesis, then he/she commits a _____ error.
Type 2 error
With a repeated measures design analyses are performed on ____ scores.
B. difference scores
What type of distribution requires the following:
1. series of N trials
2. each trial there are only 2 possible outcomes
3. outcomes are mutually exclusive
4. there is independence between trials
5. the probability of each possible outcome on any trial stays the same from
trial to trial
binomial distribution
When graphing a frequency distribution, _____ is/are on the Y axis and _____
is/are on the X axis.
frequencies on the Y and score values on the X
The power of an experiment...
A. is the probability of rejecting H0 if the independent variable had no effect
B. decreases as Beta increases
C. is independent of the sample size
D. increases as Alpha decreases
B. decreases as Beta increases
With the chi square test, to determine the fe (expected frequency) values one
must...
A. compute the sum of the obtained frequency divided by k
B. determine df
C. assess the alpha level
D. base them on H0
D. base them on the H0
The F test uses the ____ as the basic statistic for evaluating the null
hypothesis.
A. mean
B. degrees of freedom
C. sum of squares
D. variance
D. variance
The standard error of estimate measures the variability of ___ from ____.
Y ; Y'
When the data are highly skewed, the measure of central tendency that BEST
represents the middle of the distribution is the....
median
The sampling distribution of the mean...
A. has a mean of 0
B. has a standard deviation of 1
C. is always normally shaped
D. is normally shaped if N is large enough
D. is normally shaped if N is large enough
In an analysis of variance, if the means of all the groups are equal...
A. Fobt = 1
, Page 3 of 34
B. SSB = 0
C. S^2B = S^2W
D. more than one of the above
B. SSB = 0
A ___ tells how many standard deviation units a raw score is from the mean of
its distribution.
A. variance
B. range
C. z score
D. deviation score
C. z score
The critical region for rejecting the null hypothesis is the area under the curve
that...
A. is limited to the critical value
B. contains values that are as extreme as or more extreme than the critical
value
C. stays the same regardless of N or alpha
D. contains the mean of the distribution
B. contains values that are as extreme as or more extreme than the critical value
Which of the following is a nonparametric test?
A. F
B. single sample t
C. normal deviate (z)
D. chi square
E. all above are parametric
D. chi square
Which of the following is NOT true of a priori comparison?
A. they are planned in advance of the experiment
B. they arise from predictions based on theory and prior research
C. they maintain the Type 1 error rate at alpha while making all possible
comparisons between pairs of sample means
D. all the above are true of a priori comparison
C. they maintain a Type 1 error rate at alpha while making all possible comparisons
between pairs of sample means
Which would MOST likely have a NEGATIVE correlation?
A. amount of stress on a given day and happiness
B. hours studied for an exam and exam score
C. height and weight
D. years of education and annual income
A. amount of stress and happiness
Compute the mean, variance and standard deviation for the following data:
8, 12, 15, 9, 6, 8, 10, 9, 8
x= ̅ 9.44,s=2.65
Compute the mean, variance and standard deviation for the following data:
2, 3, 8, 1, 1, 7, 5, 6, 10, 8
x= ̅ 5.1,s=3.21
Compute the mean, variance and standard deviation for the following data:
4, 2, 3, 4, 1, 0, 2, 2, 3, 4, 2, 1, 2, 3, 2, 1, 2, 3, 2, 3
x= ̅ 2.3,s=1.08
, Page 4 of 34
Why is it preferable to use standard deviation as opposed to variance in
analyzing a set of data? Explain.
Answers will vary: In most cases, the unit of measurement of the calculations
you make in Statistics should match the same unit of measurement found in
the original data set. Since the original data is in 'standard size' units, we
prefer to use standard deviation which is also in standard size units.
Variance is measured in 'units squared' and this presents a problem since it
does not match the unit of measurement for the original data.
Define variance and explain why there are three different formulas to compute
it. When should each be applied?
5. Answers will vary: Variance measures the spread of a data set (in terms of
distances from the mean) in square units. Variance helps us to understand
whether or not a data set is clustered or scattered about its mean. There are
three formulas to measure it: the traditional formula for raw data which is no
longer used by many people because it is tedious to apply; the modern
formula for raw data which has replaced the traditional formula and is
generally applied to all problems involving raw data since it is a relatively
easy calculation; and finally the formula for measuring variance for a
frequency table. lol
Form a frequency table for the following data:
4, 2, 3, 4, 1, 0, 2, 2, 3, 4, 2, 1, 2, 3, 2, 1, 2, 3, 2, 3
Find the mean, variance, and standard deviation for the frequency table you
found in problem #1. Compare your answer to the solution from Assignment
#1, problem #. Did you get the same result?
X=2.3, s=1.08
Compute the mean, variance and standard deviation for the following data:
Let x = the number of telemarketing calls you have received this week.
xf
16
2 10
39
48
57
X=3, s=1.34
Compute the mean, variance and standard deviation for the following data:
Let x = the number of people who have eaten at a fast-food restaurant this
week.
xf
02
15
Statistics Final Exam Questions Newest Updated
Exam 2026 Solved Questions & Answers Verified 100%
Graded A+ (Latest Version)
What is a single sample test that is appropriate when the standard deviation is
unknown?
t test
Regression focuses on using the relationship between two variables for....
A. correlation
B. prediction
C. error variance or
D. sampling distribution
B. prediction
In an experiment, the investigator systematically manipulates the ____ and
observes the effects on the ____.
independent variable; dependent variable
According to the logic of hypothesis testing, results of an experiment are
evaluated by assessing....
the null hypothesis
A nonparametric test...
depends minimally on population characteristics
A 99% confidence interval would have a(n) ____ range of values compared to a
95% confidence interval.
wider range
Randomly sampling one at a time replacement from a candy jar... 5 Laffy Taffy,
7 Mars Bars, and 8 Gumballs, what is the probability of obtaining a Gumball, a
Laffy Taffy, and a Mars Bar in that order?
0.0350; to solve.... multiply the probability of each
(and = multiply; or = add)
Since a continuous variable may have an infinite number of values between
adjacent units on a scale, all measures made of a continuous variable are...
A. discrete
B. approximate
C. significant
D. nominal
B. approximate
Correlation is a topic that focuses on the ___ and the ____ of a relationship
between two variables.
, Page 2 of 34
direction and degree
If the independent variable has an effect and the experimenter retains the null
hypothesis, then he/she commits a _____ error.
Type 2 error
With a repeated measures design analyses are performed on ____ scores.
B. difference scores
What type of distribution requires the following:
1. series of N trials
2. each trial there are only 2 possible outcomes
3. outcomes are mutually exclusive
4. there is independence between trials
5. the probability of each possible outcome on any trial stays the same from
trial to trial
binomial distribution
When graphing a frequency distribution, _____ is/are on the Y axis and _____
is/are on the X axis.
frequencies on the Y and score values on the X
The power of an experiment...
A. is the probability of rejecting H0 if the independent variable had no effect
B. decreases as Beta increases
C. is independent of the sample size
D. increases as Alpha decreases
B. decreases as Beta increases
With the chi square test, to determine the fe (expected frequency) values one
must...
A. compute the sum of the obtained frequency divided by k
B. determine df
C. assess the alpha level
D. base them on H0
D. base them on the H0
The F test uses the ____ as the basic statistic for evaluating the null
hypothesis.
A. mean
B. degrees of freedom
C. sum of squares
D. variance
D. variance
The standard error of estimate measures the variability of ___ from ____.
Y ; Y'
When the data are highly skewed, the measure of central tendency that BEST
represents the middle of the distribution is the....
median
The sampling distribution of the mean...
A. has a mean of 0
B. has a standard deviation of 1
C. is always normally shaped
D. is normally shaped if N is large enough
D. is normally shaped if N is large enough
In an analysis of variance, if the means of all the groups are equal...
A. Fobt = 1
, Page 3 of 34
B. SSB = 0
C. S^2B = S^2W
D. more than one of the above
B. SSB = 0
A ___ tells how many standard deviation units a raw score is from the mean of
its distribution.
A. variance
B. range
C. z score
D. deviation score
C. z score
The critical region for rejecting the null hypothesis is the area under the curve
that...
A. is limited to the critical value
B. contains values that are as extreme as or more extreme than the critical
value
C. stays the same regardless of N or alpha
D. contains the mean of the distribution
B. contains values that are as extreme as or more extreme than the critical value
Which of the following is a nonparametric test?
A. F
B. single sample t
C. normal deviate (z)
D. chi square
E. all above are parametric
D. chi square
Which of the following is NOT true of a priori comparison?
A. they are planned in advance of the experiment
B. they arise from predictions based on theory and prior research
C. they maintain the Type 1 error rate at alpha while making all possible
comparisons between pairs of sample means
D. all the above are true of a priori comparison
C. they maintain a Type 1 error rate at alpha while making all possible comparisons
between pairs of sample means
Which would MOST likely have a NEGATIVE correlation?
A. amount of stress on a given day and happiness
B. hours studied for an exam and exam score
C. height and weight
D. years of education and annual income
A. amount of stress and happiness
Compute the mean, variance and standard deviation for the following data:
8, 12, 15, 9, 6, 8, 10, 9, 8
x= ̅ 9.44,s=2.65
Compute the mean, variance and standard deviation for the following data:
2, 3, 8, 1, 1, 7, 5, 6, 10, 8
x= ̅ 5.1,s=3.21
Compute the mean, variance and standard deviation for the following data:
4, 2, 3, 4, 1, 0, 2, 2, 3, 4, 2, 1, 2, 3, 2, 1, 2, 3, 2, 3
x= ̅ 2.3,s=1.08
, Page 4 of 34
Why is it preferable to use standard deviation as opposed to variance in
analyzing a set of data? Explain.
Answers will vary: In most cases, the unit of measurement of the calculations
you make in Statistics should match the same unit of measurement found in
the original data set. Since the original data is in 'standard size' units, we
prefer to use standard deviation which is also in standard size units.
Variance is measured in 'units squared' and this presents a problem since it
does not match the unit of measurement for the original data.
Define variance and explain why there are three different formulas to compute
it. When should each be applied?
5. Answers will vary: Variance measures the spread of a data set (in terms of
distances from the mean) in square units. Variance helps us to understand
whether or not a data set is clustered or scattered about its mean. There are
three formulas to measure it: the traditional formula for raw data which is no
longer used by many people because it is tedious to apply; the modern
formula for raw data which has replaced the traditional formula and is
generally applied to all problems involving raw data since it is a relatively
easy calculation; and finally the formula for measuring variance for a
frequency table. lol
Form a frequency table for the following data:
4, 2, 3, 4, 1, 0, 2, 2, 3, 4, 2, 1, 2, 3, 2, 1, 2, 3, 2, 3
Find the mean, variance, and standard deviation for the frequency table you
found in problem #1. Compare your answer to the solution from Assignment
#1, problem #. Did you get the same result?
X=2.3, s=1.08
Compute the mean, variance and standard deviation for the following data:
Let x = the number of telemarketing calls you have received this week.
xf
16
2 10
39
48
57
X=3, s=1.34
Compute the mean, variance and standard deviation for the following data:
Let x = the number of people who have eaten at a fast-food restaurant this
week.
xf
02
15
