Pathophysiology exam 2
A nurse is reviewing lab reports. The nurse recalls blood plasma is
located in which of the following fluid compartments? - ANSWER-
Intravascular fluid
A 35-year-old male weighs 70 kg. Approximately how much of this
weight is ICF? - ANSWER-42 L- the total volume of body water for a 70
kg person is about 42 L (60%)
While planning care for elderly individuals, the nurse remembers the
elderly are at a higher risk for developing dehydration because they
have a(n): - ANSWER-decreased muscle mass
Which of the following patients should the nurse assess for a decreased
oncotic pressure in the capillaries? A patient with: - ANSWER-liver
failure
Water movement between the ICF and ECF compartments is
determined by: - ANSWER-osmotic forces
An experiment was designed to test the effects of the Starling forces on
fluid movement. Which of the following alterations would result in fluid
,moving into the interstitial space? - ANSWER-Increased interstitial
oncotic pressure
When planning care for a dehydrated patient, the nurse remembers the
principle of water balance is closely related to _____ balance. -
ANSWER-Sodium
A 70-year-old male with chronic renal failure presents with edema.
Which of the following is the most likely cause of this condition? -
ANSWER-Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
A 10-year-old male is brought to the emergency room (ER) because he
is incoherent and semiconscious. CT scan reveals that he is suffering
from cerebral edema. This type of edema is referred to as: - ANSWER-
localized edema
A nurse is teaching the staff about antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Which
information should the nurse include? Secretion of ADH is stimulated
by: - ANSWER-increased plasma osmolality
Which statement by the staff indicates teaching was successful
concerning aldosterone? Secretion of aldosterone results in: - ANSWER-
increased blood volume
,A 25-year-old male is diagnosed with a hormone-secreting tumor of the
adrenal cortex. Which finding would the nurse expect to see in the lab
results? - ANSWER-Decreased blood K+ levels
A patient has been searching on the Internet about natriuretic
hormones. When the patient asks the nurse what do these hormones
do, how should the nurse respond? Natriuretic hormones affect the
balance of: - ANSWER-Sodium
A 5-year-old male presents to the ER with delirium and sunken eyes.
After diagnosing him with severe dehydration, the primary care
provider orders fluid replacement. The nurse administers a hypertonic
intravenous solution. Which of the following would be expected? -
ANSWER-Intracellular dehydration
Which of the following patients is the most at risk for developing
hypernatremia? A patient with: - ANSWER-dehydration
The most common cause of pure water deficit is: - ANSWER-A. renal
water loss
Hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia are associated with: - ANSWER-
Hypertonic hyponatremia
, A 52-year-old diabetic male presents to the ER with lethargy, confusion,
and depressed reflexes. His wife indicates that he does not follow the
prescribed diet and takes his medication sporadically. Lab results
indicate hyperglycemia. Which assessment finding is most likely to
occur? - ANSWER-decreased sodium
When taking care of a patient with hyperkalemia, which principle is
priority? Hyperkalemia causes a(n) _____ in resting membrane
potential with _____ excitability of cardiac muscle. - ANSWER-increase,
increased
Which of the following patients is most prone to hypochloremia? A
patient with: - ANSWER-Increased bicarbonate intake
Which of the following conditions would cause the nurse to monitor for
hyperkalemia? - ANSWER-Acute acidosis
Which organ system should the nurse monitor when the patient has
long-term potassium deficits? - ANSWER-kidneys
A 42-year-old female presents to her primary care provider reporting
muscle weakness and cardiac abnormalities. Laboratory tests indicate
that she is hypokalemic. Which of the following could be the cause of
her condition? - ANSWER-Primary hyperaldosteronism
A nurse is reviewing lab reports. The nurse recalls blood plasma is
located in which of the following fluid compartments? - ANSWER-
Intravascular fluid
A 35-year-old male weighs 70 kg. Approximately how much of this
weight is ICF? - ANSWER-42 L- the total volume of body water for a 70
kg person is about 42 L (60%)
While planning care for elderly individuals, the nurse remembers the
elderly are at a higher risk for developing dehydration because they
have a(n): - ANSWER-decreased muscle mass
Which of the following patients should the nurse assess for a decreased
oncotic pressure in the capillaries? A patient with: - ANSWER-liver
failure
Water movement between the ICF and ECF compartments is
determined by: - ANSWER-osmotic forces
An experiment was designed to test the effects of the Starling forces on
fluid movement. Which of the following alterations would result in fluid
,moving into the interstitial space? - ANSWER-Increased interstitial
oncotic pressure
When planning care for a dehydrated patient, the nurse remembers the
principle of water balance is closely related to _____ balance. -
ANSWER-Sodium
A 70-year-old male with chronic renal failure presents with edema.
Which of the following is the most likely cause of this condition? -
ANSWER-Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
A 10-year-old male is brought to the emergency room (ER) because he
is incoherent and semiconscious. CT scan reveals that he is suffering
from cerebral edema. This type of edema is referred to as: - ANSWER-
localized edema
A nurse is teaching the staff about antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Which
information should the nurse include? Secretion of ADH is stimulated
by: - ANSWER-increased plasma osmolality
Which statement by the staff indicates teaching was successful
concerning aldosterone? Secretion of aldosterone results in: - ANSWER-
increased blood volume
,A 25-year-old male is diagnosed with a hormone-secreting tumor of the
adrenal cortex. Which finding would the nurse expect to see in the lab
results? - ANSWER-Decreased blood K+ levels
A patient has been searching on the Internet about natriuretic
hormones. When the patient asks the nurse what do these hormones
do, how should the nurse respond? Natriuretic hormones affect the
balance of: - ANSWER-Sodium
A 5-year-old male presents to the ER with delirium and sunken eyes.
After diagnosing him with severe dehydration, the primary care
provider orders fluid replacement. The nurse administers a hypertonic
intravenous solution. Which of the following would be expected? -
ANSWER-Intracellular dehydration
Which of the following patients is the most at risk for developing
hypernatremia? A patient with: - ANSWER-dehydration
The most common cause of pure water deficit is: - ANSWER-A. renal
water loss
Hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia are associated with: - ANSWER-
Hypertonic hyponatremia
, A 52-year-old diabetic male presents to the ER with lethargy, confusion,
and depressed reflexes. His wife indicates that he does not follow the
prescribed diet and takes his medication sporadically. Lab results
indicate hyperglycemia. Which assessment finding is most likely to
occur? - ANSWER-decreased sodium
When taking care of a patient with hyperkalemia, which principle is
priority? Hyperkalemia causes a(n) _____ in resting membrane
potential with _____ excitability of cardiac muscle. - ANSWER-increase,
increased
Which of the following patients is most prone to hypochloremia? A
patient with: - ANSWER-Increased bicarbonate intake
Which of the following conditions would cause the nurse to monitor for
hyperkalemia? - ANSWER-Acute acidosis
Which organ system should the nurse monitor when the patient has
long-term potassium deficits? - ANSWER-kidneys
A 42-year-old female presents to her primary care provider reporting
muscle weakness and cardiac abnormalities. Laboratory tests indicate
that she is hypokalemic. Which of the following could be the cause of
her condition? - ANSWER-Primary hyperaldosteronism
