CANS STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS 2026 CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A+
⩥ behavior. Answer: an observable action
⩥ monism. Answer: seeing mind and body as different aspects of the
same thing
⩥ dualism. Answer: seeing mind and body as two different things that
interact
⩥ eclectic. Answer: use of techniques and ideas from a variety of
approaches
⩥ empiricism. Answer: the view that knowledge should be acquired
through observation and often an experiment
⩥ science. Answer: way of getting knowledge about the world based on
observation
⩥ theory. Answer: a collection of interrelated ideas and facts put forward
to describe, explain, and predict behavior and mental processes
,⩥ scientific method. Answer: in psychology, the techniques used to
discover knowledge about human behavior and mental processes
⩥ hypothesis. Answer: a tentative statement or idea expressing a causal
relationship between two events or variables that is to be evaluated in a
research study
⩥ experiment. Answer: a procedure in which a researcher systematically
manipulates and observes elements of a situation in order to test a
hypothesis and make a cause-and-effect statement
⩥ independent variable. Answer: the variable in a controlled experiment
that the experimenter directly and purposefully manipulates to see how
the other variables under study will be affected
⩥ dependent variable. Answer: the variable in a controlled experiment
that is expected to change due to the manipulation of the independent
variable
⩥ experimental group. Answer: in an experiment, the group of
participants to whom a treatment is given
⩥ control group. Answer: subjects and not exposed to a changing
variable in an experiment
,⩥ variable. Answer: a condition or characteristic of a situation or a
person that is subject to change (it varies) within or across situations or
individuals
⩥ sample. Answer: a group of participants who are assumed to be
representative of the population about which an inference is being made
⩥ random sample. Answer: selection of a part of the population without
reason; participation is by chance
⩥ operational definition. Answer: a definition of a variable in terms of
the set of methods or procedures used to measure or study that variable
⩥ participant. Answer: an individual who takes part in an experiment
and whose behavior is observed as part of the data collection process
⩥ double-blind procedure. Answer: technique in which neither the
persons involved for those conducting the experiment know in what
group to participate is involved
⩥ debriefing. Answer: a procedure to inform participants about the true
nature of an experiment after its completion
, ⩥ ethics. Answer: rules of proper and acceptable conduct that
investigators use to guide psychological research
⩥ ethnocentrism. Answer: tendency to believe that one's own group is
the standard, the reference point by which other people and groups
should be judged
⩥ case study. Answer: a highly detailed description of a single individual
or a vent
⩥ ex post facto study. Answer: describes differences between groups of
participants that differ naturally on a variable such as race or gender
⩥ naturalistic observation. Answer: observing and recording behavior
naturally without trying to manipulate and control the situation
⩥ correlational research. Answer: establish the relationship between two
variables
⩥ survey research. Answer: the measurement of public opinion through
the use of sampling and questioning
⩥ experimenter bias. Answer: expectation of the person conducting an
experiment which may be affect the outcome
SOLUTIONS 2026 CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A+
⩥ behavior. Answer: an observable action
⩥ monism. Answer: seeing mind and body as different aspects of the
same thing
⩥ dualism. Answer: seeing mind and body as two different things that
interact
⩥ eclectic. Answer: use of techniques and ideas from a variety of
approaches
⩥ empiricism. Answer: the view that knowledge should be acquired
through observation and often an experiment
⩥ science. Answer: way of getting knowledge about the world based on
observation
⩥ theory. Answer: a collection of interrelated ideas and facts put forward
to describe, explain, and predict behavior and mental processes
,⩥ scientific method. Answer: in psychology, the techniques used to
discover knowledge about human behavior and mental processes
⩥ hypothesis. Answer: a tentative statement or idea expressing a causal
relationship between two events or variables that is to be evaluated in a
research study
⩥ experiment. Answer: a procedure in which a researcher systematically
manipulates and observes elements of a situation in order to test a
hypothesis and make a cause-and-effect statement
⩥ independent variable. Answer: the variable in a controlled experiment
that the experimenter directly and purposefully manipulates to see how
the other variables under study will be affected
⩥ dependent variable. Answer: the variable in a controlled experiment
that is expected to change due to the manipulation of the independent
variable
⩥ experimental group. Answer: in an experiment, the group of
participants to whom a treatment is given
⩥ control group. Answer: subjects and not exposed to a changing
variable in an experiment
,⩥ variable. Answer: a condition or characteristic of a situation or a
person that is subject to change (it varies) within or across situations or
individuals
⩥ sample. Answer: a group of participants who are assumed to be
representative of the population about which an inference is being made
⩥ random sample. Answer: selection of a part of the population without
reason; participation is by chance
⩥ operational definition. Answer: a definition of a variable in terms of
the set of methods or procedures used to measure or study that variable
⩥ participant. Answer: an individual who takes part in an experiment
and whose behavior is observed as part of the data collection process
⩥ double-blind procedure. Answer: technique in which neither the
persons involved for those conducting the experiment know in what
group to participate is involved
⩥ debriefing. Answer: a procedure to inform participants about the true
nature of an experiment after its completion
, ⩥ ethics. Answer: rules of proper and acceptable conduct that
investigators use to guide psychological research
⩥ ethnocentrism. Answer: tendency to believe that one's own group is
the standard, the reference point by which other people and groups
should be judged
⩥ case study. Answer: a highly detailed description of a single individual
or a vent
⩥ ex post facto study. Answer: describes differences between groups of
participants that differ naturally on a variable such as race or gender
⩥ naturalistic observation. Answer: observing and recording behavior
naturally without trying to manipulate and control the situation
⩥ correlational research. Answer: establish the relationship between two
variables
⩥ survey research. Answer: the measurement of public opinion through
the use of sampling and questioning
⩥ experimenter bias. Answer: expectation of the person conducting an
experiment which may be affect the outcome
