NSG 5140 EXAM PRACTICE TEST ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | GRADED A+ | GUARANTEED PASS!!
A life threatening syndrome that can occur in the patient with diabetes who is able
to produce enough insulin to prevent DKA but not enough to prevent severe
hyperglycemia
-Extreme hyperglycemia 600-2000mg
- answer-Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Syndrome (HHS)
-Can affect all body systems
-Patients report feeling full
-Patients can't feel when they have to empty their bladder
- answer-Autonomic Neuropathy
-Correction of hypovolemia with 0.9% saline
IV, usually requires more fluid replacement than DKA
-Dextrose IV when BS= 250
- answer-Treatment of HHS
-Fasting glucose > 126
-2 hr post GTT > 200
- answer-Diagnosis of DM
-Glucose intolerance during pregnancy
-Affects 5% of the population
-Symptoms disappear after pregnancy
- answer-Gestational DM
-Hyperglycemic state with dehydration
-Glucose >250
-pH < 7.30
-HCO3 <16
-Characterized by fruity breath, Kussmaul respirations, abdominal pain, N/V, high
ketones
-Likely in patients with illness or infection
- answer-Diabetic Keotacidosis (DKA)
-Insulin is based on how many carbs are ingested
, -Adults should keep between 45-60 g
-For every 5g, a certain amount of insulin is given
- answer-Carbohydrate intake
-Lack of oxygen from occluded vessels
-Retinal hemorrhaging can occur
-Leading cause of blindness in 20-70 year olds
- answer-Retinopathy
-Leading cause of end-stage renal disease
-Risk factors: hypertension, genetics, smoking, chronic hyperglycemia
- answer-Nephropathy
-low blood sugar <70
-From too much insulin, too little food, vomiting, alcohol, too much exercise
- answer-Hypoglycemia
-Nerve damage due to build-up of sorbitol and fructose in the nerves causing
damage
-Loss of sensation in lower extremities
- answer-Neuropathic Complications
-OGTT of 140-199
-Fasting Glucose 100-129
-Intermediate stage between homeostasis and diabetes
- answer-Prediabetes
-Older age
-Obesity
-Family History
-Gestational DM
-Physical activity
-Certain ethnic populations
*90-95% of people with DM*
- answer-Contributing factors to Type 2 DM
-Produces somatostatin, which inhibits production of glucagon and insulin
-Balances alpha and beta cell function
- answer-Delta cells
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | GRADED A+ | GUARANTEED PASS!!
A life threatening syndrome that can occur in the patient with diabetes who is able
to produce enough insulin to prevent DKA but not enough to prevent severe
hyperglycemia
-Extreme hyperglycemia 600-2000mg
- answer-Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Syndrome (HHS)
-Can affect all body systems
-Patients report feeling full
-Patients can't feel when they have to empty their bladder
- answer-Autonomic Neuropathy
-Correction of hypovolemia with 0.9% saline
IV, usually requires more fluid replacement than DKA
-Dextrose IV when BS= 250
- answer-Treatment of HHS
-Fasting glucose > 126
-2 hr post GTT > 200
- answer-Diagnosis of DM
-Glucose intolerance during pregnancy
-Affects 5% of the population
-Symptoms disappear after pregnancy
- answer-Gestational DM
-Hyperglycemic state with dehydration
-Glucose >250
-pH < 7.30
-HCO3 <16
-Characterized by fruity breath, Kussmaul respirations, abdominal pain, N/V, high
ketones
-Likely in patients with illness or infection
- answer-Diabetic Keotacidosis (DKA)
-Insulin is based on how many carbs are ingested
, -Adults should keep between 45-60 g
-For every 5g, a certain amount of insulin is given
- answer-Carbohydrate intake
-Lack of oxygen from occluded vessels
-Retinal hemorrhaging can occur
-Leading cause of blindness in 20-70 year olds
- answer-Retinopathy
-Leading cause of end-stage renal disease
-Risk factors: hypertension, genetics, smoking, chronic hyperglycemia
- answer-Nephropathy
-low blood sugar <70
-From too much insulin, too little food, vomiting, alcohol, too much exercise
- answer-Hypoglycemia
-Nerve damage due to build-up of sorbitol and fructose in the nerves causing
damage
-Loss of sensation in lower extremities
- answer-Neuropathic Complications
-OGTT of 140-199
-Fasting Glucose 100-129
-Intermediate stage between homeostasis and diabetes
- answer-Prediabetes
-Older age
-Obesity
-Family History
-Gestational DM
-Physical activity
-Certain ethnic populations
*90-95% of people with DM*
- answer-Contributing factors to Type 2 DM
-Produces somatostatin, which inhibits production of glucagon and insulin
-Balances alpha and beta cell function
- answer-Delta cells
