ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM TEST
BANK 2026: 210+ HIGH-YIELD QUESTIONS AND 100%
VERIFIED ANSWERS | GTADED A+ | GUARANTEED
PASS!!
/s pericarditis
- answer-chest pain, EKG changes, pericardial friction rub, pericardial effusion
A tumor suppressor gene is silenced, what is this an example of?
- answer-aberrant methylation
adenocarcinoma
- answer-cancer of glandular tissue
adjunctive chemo vs neoadjuvant chemo
- answer-adjunctive- chemo after surgery to kill micrometastasis
neoadjuvant- chemo before radiation or surgery to shrink tumor
afterload
- answer-the force the heart must generate to eject blood
agranulocytosis
- answer-no granulocytes
anaerobic glycolysis
- answer-pyruvate is converted to lactic acid
anaplasia
- answer-loss of differentiation of cells
arterial ulcers
- answer-intermittent claudication pain, no edema, no pulse, no drainage, round
smooth sores, black eschar- toes and feet
autocrine membrane contact
- answer-cells signal themselves
,benign
- answer-slow-growing, no metastasis, encapsulated
Ca+ lab value
- answer-8.5-10.5 mg/dL
carcinoma
- answer-cancer of epithelial tissue
carcinoma in situ
- answer-cancer in the early stage before invading surrounding tissue
cardiac tamponade
- answer-excess pericardial fluid leading to constriction of heart muscle
cells effected by carcinomas vs leukemia
- answer-carcinoma: epithelial tissue
leukemia: blood
chronic venous insufficiency
- answer-inadequate venous return
coronary artery disease
- answer-a form of atherosclerosis- spasm or occlusion of coronary arteries
Define the following stages of cancer:
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
- answer-Stage 1- confined to organ of origin
stage 2- locally invasive
stage3- spread to regional structures, such as lymph nodes
stage 4- spread to distal sites
define the following:
T0, T1-2, t3
N0, N1, N2
M0, M1,M2
- answer-T- tumor
, T1-2- lesion by size
T3- invasion
N- nodes
N0- no lymph nodes
N1- mobile nodes
N2- fixed nodes
M0- no metastasis
M1- demonstratable metastasis
M2 suspected metastasis
Describe Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and treatments
- answer-caused by surgery, birth, trauma
- over production of coagulation factors
- leads to increased clotting and ischemia
- not enough platelets left for the rest of the body- bleeding
treatment:
- treat the underlying cause
- give replacements- platelets and plasma
describe potassium's effect on the heart
- answer-hypokalemia delays repolarization leading to AV block and decreased
skeletal muscle movement, potential respiratory arrest
hyperkalemia- shortened repolarization- fibrillation, muscle weakness, possible
paralysis
describe thalassemia
- answer-reduced beta globin synthesis with excess alpha globin synthesis leading
to increased erythroblast death, and severe anemia, decreased iron absorption and
iron toxicity, and skeletal deformities due to bone marrow expansion
describe the effect magnesium has on calcium
- answer-magnesium blocks calcium uptake in cells leading to smooth muscle
relaxation- anticonvulsant
describe the effect of PTH on calcium
- answer-PTH pulls calcium from bone to increase amount in plasma
describe the effect vitamin D has on calcium
- answer-VD increases calcium absorption in the intestines
BANK 2026: 210+ HIGH-YIELD QUESTIONS AND 100%
VERIFIED ANSWERS | GTADED A+ | GUARANTEED
PASS!!
/s pericarditis
- answer-chest pain, EKG changes, pericardial friction rub, pericardial effusion
A tumor suppressor gene is silenced, what is this an example of?
- answer-aberrant methylation
adenocarcinoma
- answer-cancer of glandular tissue
adjunctive chemo vs neoadjuvant chemo
- answer-adjunctive- chemo after surgery to kill micrometastasis
neoadjuvant- chemo before radiation or surgery to shrink tumor
afterload
- answer-the force the heart must generate to eject blood
agranulocytosis
- answer-no granulocytes
anaerobic glycolysis
- answer-pyruvate is converted to lactic acid
anaplasia
- answer-loss of differentiation of cells
arterial ulcers
- answer-intermittent claudication pain, no edema, no pulse, no drainage, round
smooth sores, black eschar- toes and feet
autocrine membrane contact
- answer-cells signal themselves
,benign
- answer-slow-growing, no metastasis, encapsulated
Ca+ lab value
- answer-8.5-10.5 mg/dL
carcinoma
- answer-cancer of epithelial tissue
carcinoma in situ
- answer-cancer in the early stage before invading surrounding tissue
cardiac tamponade
- answer-excess pericardial fluid leading to constriction of heart muscle
cells effected by carcinomas vs leukemia
- answer-carcinoma: epithelial tissue
leukemia: blood
chronic venous insufficiency
- answer-inadequate venous return
coronary artery disease
- answer-a form of atherosclerosis- spasm or occlusion of coronary arteries
Define the following stages of cancer:
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
- answer-Stage 1- confined to organ of origin
stage 2- locally invasive
stage3- spread to regional structures, such as lymph nodes
stage 4- spread to distal sites
define the following:
T0, T1-2, t3
N0, N1, N2
M0, M1,M2
- answer-T- tumor
, T1-2- lesion by size
T3- invasion
N- nodes
N0- no lymph nodes
N1- mobile nodes
N2- fixed nodes
M0- no metastasis
M1- demonstratable metastasis
M2 suspected metastasis
Describe Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and treatments
- answer-caused by surgery, birth, trauma
- over production of coagulation factors
- leads to increased clotting and ischemia
- not enough platelets left for the rest of the body- bleeding
treatment:
- treat the underlying cause
- give replacements- platelets and plasma
describe potassium's effect on the heart
- answer-hypokalemia delays repolarization leading to AV block and decreased
skeletal muscle movement, potential respiratory arrest
hyperkalemia- shortened repolarization- fibrillation, muscle weakness, possible
paralysis
describe thalassemia
- answer-reduced beta globin synthesis with excess alpha globin synthesis leading
to increased erythroblast death, and severe anemia, decreased iron absorption and
iron toxicity, and skeletal deformities due to bone marrow expansion
describe the effect magnesium has on calcium
- answer-magnesium blocks calcium uptake in cells leading to smooth muscle
relaxation- anticonvulsant
describe the effect of PTH on calcium
- answer-PTH pulls calcium from bone to increase amount in plasma
describe the effect vitamin D has on calcium
- answer-VD increases calcium absorption in the intestines
