PC 832 LATEST 2026 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS MARKED A+
✔✔The seven primary goals of the CJS - ✔✔6-Apprehend offenders - apprehending
offenders deprive them of their liberty and require them to answer the criminal charges
brought against them.
✔✔The seven primary goals of the CJS - ✔✔7-Assure victims' rights - effort to
apprehend and deal with the criminal, the criminal justice system cannot overlook the
victim. Victims must be made aware of their rights and of the services that are available
✔✔Discuss the organization of the California court system, including positions within the
system, including positions commonly recognized as part of the judicial system. -
✔✔The objectives of the judicial component of the CJS is providing due process of the
law, rendering fair judgments, dispensing just punishment, and assuring victim's rights.
The California court system is based upon the federal system. It is comprised of:
✔✔Discuss the organization of the California court system, including positions within the
system, including positions commonly recognized as part of the judicial system. 2 -
✔✔One State Supreme Court
Lower trial courts, and
Higher courts, called appellate courts to listen to appeals from lower courts
✔✔There are numerous positions commonly recognized as falling under the judicial
component of the CJS. Examples include, but are not limited to: - ✔✔Judges and
magistrates
Prosecuting attorneys
Defense attorneys
✔✔Discuss the steps of judicial process in criminal cases - ✔✔In criminal cases the
judicial process begins once an offender has been arrested or indicted for a crime. The
basic steps for a felony prosecution are:
Arrest, Arraignment, Bail - Right to Bail, Preliminary hearing, Superior Court
arraignment, Trial, Sentencing, Grand Jury Indictment
✔✔Identify a peace officer's roles & responsibilities in the community - ✔✔Maintain
order, enforce the law, prevent crime, deliver service, educate the public and work with
the community to solve problems
✔✔Differentiate between proactive and reactive policing - ✔✔• Proactive policing -
anticipating problems and acting in advance to address local concerns
Example - Prevent problems becoming worse, Reduce criminal opportunity.
,✔✔Differentiate between proactive and reactive policing - ✔✔Reactive policing -
Responding to criminal activity and problems after they have taken place. Handling
each call or incident as a separate, unique occurrence.
✔✔Recognize what is a peace officer's responsibility to enforce the law - ✔✔Adhering
to the law, Fair and impartial enforcement and knowing the patrol beat area of
responsibility.
✔✔Identify what are the key elements of area/beat knowledge - ✔✔• Critical Areas -
schools, hospitals, airports and bridges
• Hot Spots (high traffic areas) - High crime areas.
✔✔Identify what are the key elements of area/beat knowledge 2 - ✔✔• Potentially
Dangerous Areas - Hillsides, railroad crossings, local hazards, and earthquake prone
• Info. Gathering and partnerships - existing partnership with the community media,
business, residents, government agencies.
✔✔Discuss current and emerging issues that can impact the delivery of services by
peace officers - ✔✔•Changing community demographics, economic shifts, advance
technology, jail overcrowding, cultural diversity, continuous law changes and homeland
security.
✔✔Discuss opportunities where peace officers can educate and learn from community
members. - ✔✔First step is to recognize that communities are made up of a number of
overlapping groups. These groups can provide officers with forums through which they
can talk to people with common interest and needs.
✔✔Define Community Partnerships - ✔✔Relationships compromised of 2 or more
individuals, groups, or organizations working together to address and issue - Truth,
Respect, Understand, Support, Teamwork (TRUST)
✔✔Discuss the relationship of ethics to the badge of office - ✔✔The badge is a symbol
of public trust. The character of the person behind the badge is more important than the
authority the badge represents. Forming effective community partnerships is difficult
without trust and integrity
✔✔Discuss leadership skills in community policing - ✔✔Leadership is the practice of
influencing people while using ethical values and goals to produce an intended change
✔✔Define communication - ✔✔Communication is the sending and receiving of
messages, both verbal and non-verbal between 2 or more.
, ✔✔Recognize the components of a message, including content, voice characteristics,
and non-verbal signals. - ✔✔Content ,words - use clear and precise words, consider
context of the situations
Voice characteristics - tone, pace, pitch and modulation
Non-verbal signals - account for largest portion of the message EX. body language
✔✔Recognize the potential effects of negative nonverbal signals - ✔✔Making a poor
impression, contradicting what a officer is saying verbally, and potentially escalating
situations.
✔✔Give effective communication techniques for active listening, establishing lines of
communication and overcoming barriers. - ✔✔Active listening involves the listener's
deliberate and conscious concentration on what is being said.
✔✔Four steps to active listening: - ✔✔1. Be open and unbiased
2. Hear literally what is said
3. Interpret what is said
4. Provide an appropriate response
✔✔Communication techniques: - ✔✔1. Paraphrasing or restating
2. Summarizing
3. Ask questions and clarify
4. Empathizing
✔✔Identify the steps of the SARA model - ✔✔• Scanning - Identify the problem
• Analysis - correcting and examining information
• Response - developing and implementing solutions based on analysis
• Assessment - evaluating the effectiveness of the strategy selected
✔✔Identify the relationship between Constitutional law, statutory law, and case law.1 -
✔✔• Constitutional law - the rules and prohibitions found in Federal and State
Constitutions form the basis of modern Constitutional law.
✔✔Identify the relationship between Constitutional law, statutory law, and case law.2 -
✔✔Statutory law - consists of the written laws enacted by a legislative body
✔✔Identify the relationship between Constitutional law, statutory law, and case law.3 -
✔✔Case law - based upon previous appellate court decisions. Principle is known as
precedent. Primary purpose of case law is to interpret the constitution and clarify
statues.
✔✔Differentiate between spirit of the law and the letter of the law. - ✔✔• Spirit of the law
- the law is strictly applied in accordance with the intent of the legislature and the
fairness and justice not solely in literal compliance with words of the statue.
ANSWERS MARKED A+
✔✔The seven primary goals of the CJS - ✔✔6-Apprehend offenders - apprehending
offenders deprive them of their liberty and require them to answer the criminal charges
brought against them.
✔✔The seven primary goals of the CJS - ✔✔7-Assure victims' rights - effort to
apprehend and deal with the criminal, the criminal justice system cannot overlook the
victim. Victims must be made aware of their rights and of the services that are available
✔✔Discuss the organization of the California court system, including positions within the
system, including positions commonly recognized as part of the judicial system. -
✔✔The objectives of the judicial component of the CJS is providing due process of the
law, rendering fair judgments, dispensing just punishment, and assuring victim's rights.
The California court system is based upon the federal system. It is comprised of:
✔✔Discuss the organization of the California court system, including positions within the
system, including positions commonly recognized as part of the judicial system. 2 -
✔✔One State Supreme Court
Lower trial courts, and
Higher courts, called appellate courts to listen to appeals from lower courts
✔✔There are numerous positions commonly recognized as falling under the judicial
component of the CJS. Examples include, but are not limited to: - ✔✔Judges and
magistrates
Prosecuting attorneys
Defense attorneys
✔✔Discuss the steps of judicial process in criminal cases - ✔✔In criminal cases the
judicial process begins once an offender has been arrested or indicted for a crime. The
basic steps for a felony prosecution are:
Arrest, Arraignment, Bail - Right to Bail, Preliminary hearing, Superior Court
arraignment, Trial, Sentencing, Grand Jury Indictment
✔✔Identify a peace officer's roles & responsibilities in the community - ✔✔Maintain
order, enforce the law, prevent crime, deliver service, educate the public and work with
the community to solve problems
✔✔Differentiate between proactive and reactive policing - ✔✔• Proactive policing -
anticipating problems and acting in advance to address local concerns
Example - Prevent problems becoming worse, Reduce criminal opportunity.
,✔✔Differentiate between proactive and reactive policing - ✔✔Reactive policing -
Responding to criminal activity and problems after they have taken place. Handling
each call or incident as a separate, unique occurrence.
✔✔Recognize what is a peace officer's responsibility to enforce the law - ✔✔Adhering
to the law, Fair and impartial enforcement and knowing the patrol beat area of
responsibility.
✔✔Identify what are the key elements of area/beat knowledge - ✔✔• Critical Areas -
schools, hospitals, airports and bridges
• Hot Spots (high traffic areas) - High crime areas.
✔✔Identify what are the key elements of area/beat knowledge 2 - ✔✔• Potentially
Dangerous Areas - Hillsides, railroad crossings, local hazards, and earthquake prone
• Info. Gathering and partnerships - existing partnership with the community media,
business, residents, government agencies.
✔✔Discuss current and emerging issues that can impact the delivery of services by
peace officers - ✔✔•Changing community demographics, economic shifts, advance
technology, jail overcrowding, cultural diversity, continuous law changes and homeland
security.
✔✔Discuss opportunities where peace officers can educate and learn from community
members. - ✔✔First step is to recognize that communities are made up of a number of
overlapping groups. These groups can provide officers with forums through which they
can talk to people with common interest and needs.
✔✔Define Community Partnerships - ✔✔Relationships compromised of 2 or more
individuals, groups, or organizations working together to address and issue - Truth,
Respect, Understand, Support, Teamwork (TRUST)
✔✔Discuss the relationship of ethics to the badge of office - ✔✔The badge is a symbol
of public trust. The character of the person behind the badge is more important than the
authority the badge represents. Forming effective community partnerships is difficult
without trust and integrity
✔✔Discuss leadership skills in community policing - ✔✔Leadership is the practice of
influencing people while using ethical values and goals to produce an intended change
✔✔Define communication - ✔✔Communication is the sending and receiving of
messages, both verbal and non-verbal between 2 or more.
, ✔✔Recognize the components of a message, including content, voice characteristics,
and non-verbal signals. - ✔✔Content ,words - use clear and precise words, consider
context of the situations
Voice characteristics - tone, pace, pitch and modulation
Non-verbal signals - account for largest portion of the message EX. body language
✔✔Recognize the potential effects of negative nonverbal signals - ✔✔Making a poor
impression, contradicting what a officer is saying verbally, and potentially escalating
situations.
✔✔Give effective communication techniques for active listening, establishing lines of
communication and overcoming barriers. - ✔✔Active listening involves the listener's
deliberate and conscious concentration on what is being said.
✔✔Four steps to active listening: - ✔✔1. Be open and unbiased
2. Hear literally what is said
3. Interpret what is said
4. Provide an appropriate response
✔✔Communication techniques: - ✔✔1. Paraphrasing or restating
2. Summarizing
3. Ask questions and clarify
4. Empathizing
✔✔Identify the steps of the SARA model - ✔✔• Scanning - Identify the problem
• Analysis - correcting and examining information
• Response - developing and implementing solutions based on analysis
• Assessment - evaluating the effectiveness of the strategy selected
✔✔Identify the relationship between Constitutional law, statutory law, and case law.1 -
✔✔• Constitutional law - the rules and prohibitions found in Federal and State
Constitutions form the basis of modern Constitutional law.
✔✔Identify the relationship between Constitutional law, statutory law, and case law.2 -
✔✔Statutory law - consists of the written laws enacted by a legislative body
✔✔Identify the relationship between Constitutional law, statutory law, and case law.3 -
✔✔Case law - based upon previous appellate court decisions. Principle is known as
precedent. Primary purpose of case law is to interpret the constitution and clarify
statues.
✔✔Differentiate between spirit of the law and the letter of the law. - ✔✔• Spirit of the law
- the law is strictly applied in accordance with the intent of the legislature and the
fairness and justice not solely in literal compliance with words of the statue.
