,Chapter 01: Introduction To Pathophysiology
Banasik: Pathophysiology, 7th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. C.Q. Was Recently Exposed To Group A Hemolytic Streptococcus And Subsequently
Developed A Pharyngeal Infection. His Clinic Examination Reveals An Oral Temperature Of
102.3°F, Skin Rash, Dysphagia, And Reddened Throat Mucosa With Multiple Pustules. He
Complains Of Sore Throat, Malaise, And Joint Stiffness. A Throat Culture Is Positive For
Streptococcus, And Antibiotics Have Been Prescribed. The Etiology Of C.Q.’S Disease Is
a. A Sore Throat.
b. Streptococcal Infection.
c. Genetic Susceptibility.
d. Pharyngitis.
ANS: B
Etiology Refers To The Proposed Cause Or Causes Of A Particular Disease Process. A Sore
Throat Is The Manifestation Of The Disease Process. Genetic Susceptibility Refers To
Inherited Tendency To Develop A Disease. Pharyngitis Refers To Inflammation Of The
Throat And Is Also A Clinical Manifestation Of The Disease Process.
2. A 17-Year-Old College-Bound Student Receives A Vaccine Against An Organism That
Causes Meningitis. This Is An Example Of
a. Primary Prevention.
b. Secondary Prevention.
c. Tertiary Prevention.
d. Disease Treatment.
ANS: A
Primary Prevention Is Prevention Of Disease By Altering Susceptibility Or Reducing
Exposure For Susceptible Individuals, In This Case By Providing Vaccination. Secondary
Prevention Is The Early Detection, Screening, And Management Of The Disease. Tertiary
Prevention Includes Rehabilitative And Supportive Care And Attempts To Alleviate
Disability And Restore Effective Functioning. Disease Treatment Involves Management Of
The Disease Once It Has Developed.
3. An Obese But Otherwise Healthy Teen Is Given A Prescription For A Low-Calorie Diet And
Exercise Program. This Is An Example Of
a. Primary Prevention.
b. Secondary Prevention.
c. Tertiary Prevention.
d. Disease Treatment.
ANS: B
Secondary Prevention Is The Early Detection, Screening, And Management Of The Disease
Such As Prescribing Diet And Exercise For An Individual Who Has Already Developed
Obesity. Primary Prevention Is Prevention Of Disease By Altering Susceptibility Or
Reducing Exposure For Susceptible Individuals. Tertiary Prevention Includes Rehabilitative
And Supportive Care And Attempts To Alleviate Disability And Restore Effective
Functioning. Disease Treatment Involves Management Of The Disease Once It Has
Developed.
,4. A Patient With High Blood Pressure Who Is Otherwise Healthy Is Counseled To Restrict
Sodium Intake. This Is An Example Of
a. Primary Prevention.
b. Secondary Prevention.
c. Tertiary Prevention.
d. Disease Treatment.
ANS: B
Secondary Prevention Is The Early Detection, Screening, And Management Of The Disease,
Such As By Prescribing Sodium Restriction For High Blood Pressure. Primary Prevention Is
Prevention Of Disease By Altering Susceptibility Or Reducing Exposure For Susceptible
Individuals. Tertiary Prevention Includes Rehabilitative And Supportive Care And Attempts
To Alleviate Disability And Restore Effective Functioning. Disease Treatment Involves
Management Of The Disease Once It Has Developed.
5. After Suffering A Heart Attack, A Middle-Aged Man Is Counseled To Take A Cholesterol-
Lowering Medication. This Is An Example Of
a. Primary Prevention.
b. Secondary Prevention.
c. Tertiary Prevention.
d. Disease Treatment.
ANS: C
Tertiary Prevention Includes Rehabilitative And Supportive Care And Attempts To Alleviate
Disability And Restore Effective Functioning Such As Prescribing A Cholesterol-Lowering
Medication Following A Heart Attack. Primary Prevention Is Prevention Of Disease By
Altering Susceptibility Or Reducing Exposure For Susceptible Individuals. Secondary
Prevention Is The Early Detection, Screening, And Management Of The Disease. Disease
Treatment Involves Management Of The Disease Once It Has Developed.
6. A Patient Has Been Exposed To Meningococcal Meningitis, But Is Not Yet Demonstrating
Signs Of This Disease. This Stage Of Illness Is Called The Stage.
a. Prodromal
b. Latent
c. Sequela
d. Convalescence
ANS: B
Incubation Refers To The Interval Between Exposure Of A Tissue To An Injurious Agent And
The First Appearance Of Signs And Symptoms. In Infectious Diseases, This Period Is Often
Called The Incubation (Latent) Period. Prodromal Refers To The Appearance Of The First
Signs And Symptoms Indicating The Onset Of A Disease. These Are Often Nonspecific,
Such As Headache, Malaise, Anorexia, And Nausea, Which Are Associated With A Number
Of Different Diseases. Sequela Refers To Subsequent Pathologic Condition Resulting From A
Disease. Convalescence Is The Stage Of Recovery After A Disease, Injury, Or Surgical
Operation.
7. A Disease That Is Native To A Particular Region Is Called
a. Epidemic.
b. Endemic.
c. Pandemic.
d. Ethnographic.
, ANS: B
A Disease That Is Native To A Particular Region Is Called Endemic. An Epidemic Is A Disease
That Spreads To Many Individuals At The Same Time. Pandemics Are Epidemics That Affect
Large Geographic Regions, Perhaps Spreading Worldwide. Ethnographic Does Not Describe A
Disease Distribution Pattern.
8. In General, With Aging, Organ Size And Function
a. Increase.
b. Decrease.
c. Remain The Same.
d. Are Unknown.
ANS: B
In General, With Aging, Organ Size And Function Decrease.
9. The Stage During Which The Patient Functions Normally, Although The Disease Processes
Are Well Established, Is Referred To As
a. Latent.
b. Subclinical.
c. Prodromal.
d. Convalescence.
ANS: B
The Stage During Which The Patient Functions Normally, Although The Disease Processes
Are Well Established, Is Called The Subclinical Stage. The Interval Between Exposure Of A
Tissue To An Injurious Agent And The First Appearance Of Signs And Symptoms May Be
Called A Latent Period Or, In The Case Of Infectious Diseases, An Incubation Period. The
Prodromal Period, Or Prodrome, Refers To The Appearance Of The First Signs And
Symptoms Indicating The Onset Of A Disease. Convalescence Is The Stage Of Recovery
After A Disease, Injury, Or Surgical Operation.
MULTIPLE RESPONSE
1. Your Patient’s Red Blood Cell Count Is Slightly Elevated Today. This Might Be
Explained By (Select All That Apply.)
a. Gender Difference.
b. Situational Factors.
c. Normal Variation.
d. Cultural Variation.
e. Illness.
ANS: A, B, C, E
Gender, Situations (E.G., Altitude), Normal Variations, And Illness May All Determine Red
Blood Cell Count. Culture Affects How Manifestations Are Perceived (Normal Versus
Abnormal).
2. Socioeconomic Factors Influence Disease Development Because Of (Select All That Apply.)
a. Genetics.
b. Environmental Toxins.
c. Overcrowding.
d. Nutrition.
e. Hygiene.
Banasik: Pathophysiology, 7th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. C.Q. Was Recently Exposed To Group A Hemolytic Streptococcus And Subsequently
Developed A Pharyngeal Infection. His Clinic Examination Reveals An Oral Temperature Of
102.3°F, Skin Rash, Dysphagia, And Reddened Throat Mucosa With Multiple Pustules. He
Complains Of Sore Throat, Malaise, And Joint Stiffness. A Throat Culture Is Positive For
Streptococcus, And Antibiotics Have Been Prescribed. The Etiology Of C.Q.’S Disease Is
a. A Sore Throat.
b. Streptococcal Infection.
c. Genetic Susceptibility.
d. Pharyngitis.
ANS: B
Etiology Refers To The Proposed Cause Or Causes Of A Particular Disease Process. A Sore
Throat Is The Manifestation Of The Disease Process. Genetic Susceptibility Refers To
Inherited Tendency To Develop A Disease. Pharyngitis Refers To Inflammation Of The
Throat And Is Also A Clinical Manifestation Of The Disease Process.
2. A 17-Year-Old College-Bound Student Receives A Vaccine Against An Organism That
Causes Meningitis. This Is An Example Of
a. Primary Prevention.
b. Secondary Prevention.
c. Tertiary Prevention.
d. Disease Treatment.
ANS: A
Primary Prevention Is Prevention Of Disease By Altering Susceptibility Or Reducing
Exposure For Susceptible Individuals, In This Case By Providing Vaccination. Secondary
Prevention Is The Early Detection, Screening, And Management Of The Disease. Tertiary
Prevention Includes Rehabilitative And Supportive Care And Attempts To Alleviate
Disability And Restore Effective Functioning. Disease Treatment Involves Management Of
The Disease Once It Has Developed.
3. An Obese But Otherwise Healthy Teen Is Given A Prescription For A Low-Calorie Diet And
Exercise Program. This Is An Example Of
a. Primary Prevention.
b. Secondary Prevention.
c. Tertiary Prevention.
d. Disease Treatment.
ANS: B
Secondary Prevention Is The Early Detection, Screening, And Management Of The Disease
Such As Prescribing Diet And Exercise For An Individual Who Has Already Developed
Obesity. Primary Prevention Is Prevention Of Disease By Altering Susceptibility Or
Reducing Exposure For Susceptible Individuals. Tertiary Prevention Includes Rehabilitative
And Supportive Care And Attempts To Alleviate Disability And Restore Effective
Functioning. Disease Treatment Involves Management Of The Disease Once It Has
Developed.
,4. A Patient With High Blood Pressure Who Is Otherwise Healthy Is Counseled To Restrict
Sodium Intake. This Is An Example Of
a. Primary Prevention.
b. Secondary Prevention.
c. Tertiary Prevention.
d. Disease Treatment.
ANS: B
Secondary Prevention Is The Early Detection, Screening, And Management Of The Disease,
Such As By Prescribing Sodium Restriction For High Blood Pressure. Primary Prevention Is
Prevention Of Disease By Altering Susceptibility Or Reducing Exposure For Susceptible
Individuals. Tertiary Prevention Includes Rehabilitative And Supportive Care And Attempts
To Alleviate Disability And Restore Effective Functioning. Disease Treatment Involves
Management Of The Disease Once It Has Developed.
5. After Suffering A Heart Attack, A Middle-Aged Man Is Counseled To Take A Cholesterol-
Lowering Medication. This Is An Example Of
a. Primary Prevention.
b. Secondary Prevention.
c. Tertiary Prevention.
d. Disease Treatment.
ANS: C
Tertiary Prevention Includes Rehabilitative And Supportive Care And Attempts To Alleviate
Disability And Restore Effective Functioning Such As Prescribing A Cholesterol-Lowering
Medication Following A Heart Attack. Primary Prevention Is Prevention Of Disease By
Altering Susceptibility Or Reducing Exposure For Susceptible Individuals. Secondary
Prevention Is The Early Detection, Screening, And Management Of The Disease. Disease
Treatment Involves Management Of The Disease Once It Has Developed.
6. A Patient Has Been Exposed To Meningococcal Meningitis, But Is Not Yet Demonstrating
Signs Of This Disease. This Stage Of Illness Is Called The Stage.
a. Prodromal
b. Latent
c. Sequela
d. Convalescence
ANS: B
Incubation Refers To The Interval Between Exposure Of A Tissue To An Injurious Agent And
The First Appearance Of Signs And Symptoms. In Infectious Diseases, This Period Is Often
Called The Incubation (Latent) Period. Prodromal Refers To The Appearance Of The First
Signs And Symptoms Indicating The Onset Of A Disease. These Are Often Nonspecific,
Such As Headache, Malaise, Anorexia, And Nausea, Which Are Associated With A Number
Of Different Diseases. Sequela Refers To Subsequent Pathologic Condition Resulting From A
Disease. Convalescence Is The Stage Of Recovery After A Disease, Injury, Or Surgical
Operation.
7. A Disease That Is Native To A Particular Region Is Called
a. Epidemic.
b. Endemic.
c. Pandemic.
d. Ethnographic.
, ANS: B
A Disease That Is Native To A Particular Region Is Called Endemic. An Epidemic Is A Disease
That Spreads To Many Individuals At The Same Time. Pandemics Are Epidemics That Affect
Large Geographic Regions, Perhaps Spreading Worldwide. Ethnographic Does Not Describe A
Disease Distribution Pattern.
8. In General, With Aging, Organ Size And Function
a. Increase.
b. Decrease.
c. Remain The Same.
d. Are Unknown.
ANS: B
In General, With Aging, Organ Size And Function Decrease.
9. The Stage During Which The Patient Functions Normally, Although The Disease Processes
Are Well Established, Is Referred To As
a. Latent.
b. Subclinical.
c. Prodromal.
d. Convalescence.
ANS: B
The Stage During Which The Patient Functions Normally, Although The Disease Processes
Are Well Established, Is Called The Subclinical Stage. The Interval Between Exposure Of A
Tissue To An Injurious Agent And The First Appearance Of Signs And Symptoms May Be
Called A Latent Period Or, In The Case Of Infectious Diseases, An Incubation Period. The
Prodromal Period, Or Prodrome, Refers To The Appearance Of The First Signs And
Symptoms Indicating The Onset Of A Disease. Convalescence Is The Stage Of Recovery
After A Disease, Injury, Or Surgical Operation.
MULTIPLE RESPONSE
1. Your Patient’s Red Blood Cell Count Is Slightly Elevated Today. This Might Be
Explained By (Select All That Apply.)
a. Gender Difference.
b. Situational Factors.
c. Normal Variation.
d. Cultural Variation.
e. Illness.
ANS: A, B, C, E
Gender, Situations (E.G., Altitude), Normal Variations, And Illness May All Determine Red
Blood Cell Count. Culture Affects How Manifestations Are Perceived (Normal Versus
Abnormal).
2. Socioeconomic Factors Influence Disease Development Because Of (Select All That Apply.)
a. Genetics.
b. Environmental Toxins.
c. Overcrowding.
d. Nutrition.
e. Hygiene.
