A-Level Chemistry Atomic structures and isotopes Questions and Answers

A-Level Chemistry Atomic structures and isotopes Questions and Answers State what is meant by the term isotopes? Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons. Isotopes of specific element (carbon) have the same chemical properties. Explain why. Same number of electrons in the outer shell. What is the difference between the atomic structures of any given isotopes? You just talk about the number of neutrons present on the isotope. 2) For example, one isotope has two less neutron. State two similarities between the atomic structures of any given isotopes? 1) Same numbers of protons. 2) Same number of electrons. What analytical method is used to obtain this information, such as isotopes and its relative abundance? Mass spectrometry. What is an atom? 1) Fundamental piece of matter. 2) Everything is made of atoms, apart from energy. 3) Basic unit- the smallest particle of a chemical element. What is the structure of the atom? 1) Contains a nucleus, which is at the centre of the atom. 2) The nucleus is tiny, dense. 3) The nucleus contains protons and neutrons, called nucleons. 4) Electrons, orbit the nucleus in shells. 5) Electrons, do not do much to the mass of the atom. What are the relative masses and relative charges of the sub- atomic particles? 1) Proton- mass: 1. Charge: +1 2) Neutrons- mass-1. Charge: 0 3) Electron- mass: 1/2000. Charge: -1 Are the number of protons and electrons equal? Yes. Why are protons and electrons known as neutral atoms? As they carry no charge. What does the mass number contain? The number of nucleons: protons and neutrons. What does the atomic number contain? The number of protons and electrons. Is mass number the bigger number? Yes. What are the two stable isotopes of chlorine? Chlorine: 1) 35 2) 37