PTI 2 practice questions final exam with
correct answers
Which |of |the |following |would |be |considered |a |potential |indication |for |electrotherapy?
| a. |cardiac |arrhythmia
| b. |osteomyelitis
| c. |stress |incontinence
| d. |seizure |disorders |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Answer: |c
Rationale: |Stress |incontinence |refers |to |the |unintentional |loss |of |urine |and |is |often |prompted |
by |a |physical |movement |or |activity |such |as |coughing |or |sneezing. |Pelvic |floor |muscle |
weakness |is |often |the |cause |of |this |condition. |Electrotherapy |can |be |used |effectively |to |
increase |the |strength |and |coordination |of |the |pelvic |floor |muscles. |Cardiac |arrhythmia, |
osteomyelitis, |and |seizure |disorders |are |considered |contraindications |for |electrotherapy
A |therapist |uses |neuromuscular |electrical |stimulation |with |a |patient |rehabilitating |from |a |knee
|injury. |During |the |treatment |session |the |therapist |adjusts |the |on:off |time |ratio |to |1:5. |Which |
of |the |following |is |consistent |with |the |described |ratio? |
| a. |8 |seconds |on |and |40 |seconds |off
| b. |10 |seconds |on |and |30 |seconds |off
| c. |30 |seconds |on |and |10 |seconds |off
| d. |40 |seconds |on |and |8 |seconds |off |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Answer: |a
Rationale: |An |on:off |ratio |of |1:5 |means |that |for |each |second |of |on |time |there |would |be |five |
seconds |of |off |time. |Eight |seconds |of |on |time |and |40 |seconds |of |off |time |maintains |the |1:5 |
ratio.
What |electrode |configuration |includes |two |electrodes |from |two |different |stimulating |circuits |
that |are |positioned |so |that |the |individual |currents |intersect?
,| a. |unipolar |
| b. |monopolar
| c. |bipolar
| d. |quadripolar |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Answer: |d
Rationale: |Quadripolar |technique |refers |to |two |electrodes |from |two |separate |stimulating |
circuits |that |are |positioned |so |that |the |individual |currents |intersect |with |each |other. |This |
technique |is |utilized |with |interferential |current.
A |therapist |attempts |to |determine |the |amount |of |time |necessary |to |treat |an |area |
approximately |two |times |the |size |of |the |ultrasound |transducer. |The |most |appropriate |
treatment |time |is: |
| a. |3 |minutes
| b. |5 |minutes
| c. |7 |minutes
| d. |12 |minutes |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Answer: |b
Rationale: |A |therapist |can |cover |an |area |two |to |three |times |the |size |of |the |transducer |in |a |five
|minute |period. |Five |minutes |would |be |a |sufficient |amount |of |time |given |the |size |of |the |area |
in |relation |to |the |size |of |the |transducer.
A |patient |poorly |tolerates |the |sudden |increase |in |force |that |occurs |when |transitioning |from |
off |time |to |on |time |during |neuromuscular |electrical |stimulation. |Which |action |would |minimize
|the |impact |of |this |transition? |
| a. |decrease |the |treatment |duration
| b. |modify |the |waveform
| c. |utilize |a |ramp
| d. |increase |the |phase |duration |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Answer: |c
Rationale: |Ramp |refers |to |the |number |of |seconds |it |takes |for |the |amplitude |to |gradually |
increase |or |decrease |to |the |maximum |value |set |by |the |amplitude |control. |By |adding |a |ramp |
the |onset |of |the |electrical |force |will |be |gradual |and, |therefore, |better |tolerated |by |the |patient.
,A |therapist |elects |to |use |a |small |set |of |electrodes |when |applying |electrical |stimulation |to |the |
anterior |forearm |of |a |patient |rehabilitating |from |an |upper |extremity |injury. |Which |of |the |
following |is |most |accurate |when |comparing |smaller |electrodes |to |larger |electrodes?
| a. |Smaller |electrodes |result |in |increased |current |density |and |increased |impedance
| b. |Smaller |electrodes |result |in |decreased |current |density |and |increased |impedance
| c. |Smaller |electrodes |result |in |increased |current |density |and |decreased |impedance
|d. |Smaller |electrodes |result |in |decreased |current |density |and |decreased |impedance |- |
CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Answer: |a
Rationale: |The |smaller |surface |area |of |small |electrodes |increases |current |density |and |
impedance. |Current |density |is |a |measure |of |the |density |of |an |electrical |current. |Impedance |
refers |to |the |property |of |a |substance |that |provides |resistance |to |the |flow |of |current |by |
offering |an |alternate |current
Which |ultrasound |parameters |would |produce |the |lowest |total |amount |of |heat |delivered |to |the
|target |area? |
| a. |20% |duty |cycle |at |1.2 |W/cm2
| b. |50% |duty |cycle |at |1.1 |W/cm2
| c. |75% |duty |cycle |at |1.3 |W/cm2
| d. |continuous |ultrasound |at |1.2 |W/cm2 |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Answer: |a
Rationale: |Pulsed |ultrasound |at |a |20% |duty |cycle |produces |sound |energy |only |20% |of |the |
time. |A |50% |duty |cycle |produces |sound |energy |50% |of |the |time. |Although |the |intensity |is |
slightly |lower |at |the |50% |duty |cycle |compared |to |the |corresponding |intensity |for |the |20% |duty
|cycle, |the |relatively |small |decrease |would |still |generate |additional |heat |due |to |the |
significantly |increased |duty |cycle.
What |type |of |electrical |current |is |used |with |iontophoresis? |
| a. |alternating |current
| b. |direct |current
| c. |pulsatile |current
, | d. |interferential |current |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Answer: |b
Rationale: |Direct |current |refers |to |a |continuous |unidirectional |flow |of |charged |particles. |Direct
|current |is |used |for |iontophoresis |and |for |stimulating |contraction |of |denervated |muscle.
What |is |the |maximum |depth |of |tissue |heating |when |using |ultrasound |with |a |frequency |of |1 |
MHz? |
| a. |one |centimeter
| b. |two |centimeters
| c. |five |centimeters
| d. |ten |centimeters |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Answer: |c
Rationale: |Ultrasound |with |a |frequency |of |1 |MHz |can |be |used |to |heat |tissues |up |to |five |
centimeters |deep, |while |ultrasound |with |a |frequency |of |3 |MHz |is |used |to |heat |tissue |one |to |
two |centimeters |deep.
What |parameter |is |primarily |responsible |for |determining |the |depth |of |ultrasound? |
| a. |intensity
| b. |duty |cycle
| c. |frequency
| d. |effective |radiating |area |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Answer: |c
Rationale: |The |selected |frequency |of |ultrasound |determines |the |depth |of |penetration. |
Frequency |is |most |often |1 |MHz |or |3 |MHz. |Increasing |the |frequency |of |ultrasound |causes |a |
decrease |in |the |depth |of |penetration |and |decreasing |the |frequency |causes |an |increase |in |the |
depth |of |penetration.
A |therapist |uses |iontophoresis |to |treat |a |patient |with |a |fungal |infection. |Which |substance |
would |be |the |most |beneficial |to |utilize? |
| a. |copper |sulfate
| b. |calcium |chloride
| c. |lidocaine
correct answers
Which |of |the |following |would |be |considered |a |potential |indication |for |electrotherapy?
| a. |cardiac |arrhythmia
| b. |osteomyelitis
| c. |stress |incontinence
| d. |seizure |disorders |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Answer: |c
Rationale: |Stress |incontinence |refers |to |the |unintentional |loss |of |urine |and |is |often |prompted |
by |a |physical |movement |or |activity |such |as |coughing |or |sneezing. |Pelvic |floor |muscle |
weakness |is |often |the |cause |of |this |condition. |Electrotherapy |can |be |used |effectively |to |
increase |the |strength |and |coordination |of |the |pelvic |floor |muscles. |Cardiac |arrhythmia, |
osteomyelitis, |and |seizure |disorders |are |considered |contraindications |for |electrotherapy
A |therapist |uses |neuromuscular |electrical |stimulation |with |a |patient |rehabilitating |from |a |knee
|injury. |During |the |treatment |session |the |therapist |adjusts |the |on:off |time |ratio |to |1:5. |Which |
of |the |following |is |consistent |with |the |described |ratio? |
| a. |8 |seconds |on |and |40 |seconds |off
| b. |10 |seconds |on |and |30 |seconds |off
| c. |30 |seconds |on |and |10 |seconds |off
| d. |40 |seconds |on |and |8 |seconds |off |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Answer: |a
Rationale: |An |on:off |ratio |of |1:5 |means |that |for |each |second |of |on |time |there |would |be |five |
seconds |of |off |time. |Eight |seconds |of |on |time |and |40 |seconds |of |off |time |maintains |the |1:5 |
ratio.
What |electrode |configuration |includes |two |electrodes |from |two |different |stimulating |circuits |
that |are |positioned |so |that |the |individual |currents |intersect?
,| a. |unipolar |
| b. |monopolar
| c. |bipolar
| d. |quadripolar |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Answer: |d
Rationale: |Quadripolar |technique |refers |to |two |electrodes |from |two |separate |stimulating |
circuits |that |are |positioned |so |that |the |individual |currents |intersect |with |each |other. |This |
technique |is |utilized |with |interferential |current.
A |therapist |attempts |to |determine |the |amount |of |time |necessary |to |treat |an |area |
approximately |two |times |the |size |of |the |ultrasound |transducer. |The |most |appropriate |
treatment |time |is: |
| a. |3 |minutes
| b. |5 |minutes
| c. |7 |minutes
| d. |12 |minutes |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Answer: |b
Rationale: |A |therapist |can |cover |an |area |two |to |three |times |the |size |of |the |transducer |in |a |five
|minute |period. |Five |minutes |would |be |a |sufficient |amount |of |time |given |the |size |of |the |area |
in |relation |to |the |size |of |the |transducer.
A |patient |poorly |tolerates |the |sudden |increase |in |force |that |occurs |when |transitioning |from |
off |time |to |on |time |during |neuromuscular |electrical |stimulation. |Which |action |would |minimize
|the |impact |of |this |transition? |
| a. |decrease |the |treatment |duration
| b. |modify |the |waveform
| c. |utilize |a |ramp
| d. |increase |the |phase |duration |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Answer: |c
Rationale: |Ramp |refers |to |the |number |of |seconds |it |takes |for |the |amplitude |to |gradually |
increase |or |decrease |to |the |maximum |value |set |by |the |amplitude |control. |By |adding |a |ramp |
the |onset |of |the |electrical |force |will |be |gradual |and, |therefore, |better |tolerated |by |the |patient.
,A |therapist |elects |to |use |a |small |set |of |electrodes |when |applying |electrical |stimulation |to |the |
anterior |forearm |of |a |patient |rehabilitating |from |an |upper |extremity |injury. |Which |of |the |
following |is |most |accurate |when |comparing |smaller |electrodes |to |larger |electrodes?
| a. |Smaller |electrodes |result |in |increased |current |density |and |increased |impedance
| b. |Smaller |electrodes |result |in |decreased |current |density |and |increased |impedance
| c. |Smaller |electrodes |result |in |increased |current |density |and |decreased |impedance
|d. |Smaller |electrodes |result |in |decreased |current |density |and |decreased |impedance |- |
CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Answer: |a
Rationale: |The |smaller |surface |area |of |small |electrodes |increases |current |density |and |
impedance. |Current |density |is |a |measure |of |the |density |of |an |electrical |current. |Impedance |
refers |to |the |property |of |a |substance |that |provides |resistance |to |the |flow |of |current |by |
offering |an |alternate |current
Which |ultrasound |parameters |would |produce |the |lowest |total |amount |of |heat |delivered |to |the
|target |area? |
| a. |20% |duty |cycle |at |1.2 |W/cm2
| b. |50% |duty |cycle |at |1.1 |W/cm2
| c. |75% |duty |cycle |at |1.3 |W/cm2
| d. |continuous |ultrasound |at |1.2 |W/cm2 |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Answer: |a
Rationale: |Pulsed |ultrasound |at |a |20% |duty |cycle |produces |sound |energy |only |20% |of |the |
time. |A |50% |duty |cycle |produces |sound |energy |50% |of |the |time. |Although |the |intensity |is |
slightly |lower |at |the |50% |duty |cycle |compared |to |the |corresponding |intensity |for |the |20% |duty
|cycle, |the |relatively |small |decrease |would |still |generate |additional |heat |due |to |the |
significantly |increased |duty |cycle.
What |type |of |electrical |current |is |used |with |iontophoresis? |
| a. |alternating |current
| b. |direct |current
| c. |pulsatile |current
, | d. |interferential |current |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Answer: |b
Rationale: |Direct |current |refers |to |a |continuous |unidirectional |flow |of |charged |particles. |Direct
|current |is |used |for |iontophoresis |and |for |stimulating |contraction |of |denervated |muscle.
What |is |the |maximum |depth |of |tissue |heating |when |using |ultrasound |with |a |frequency |of |1 |
MHz? |
| a. |one |centimeter
| b. |two |centimeters
| c. |five |centimeters
| d. |ten |centimeters |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Answer: |c
Rationale: |Ultrasound |with |a |frequency |of |1 |MHz |can |be |used |to |heat |tissues |up |to |five |
centimeters |deep, |while |ultrasound |with |a |frequency |of |3 |MHz |is |used |to |heat |tissue |one |to |
two |centimeters |deep.
What |parameter |is |primarily |responsible |for |determining |the |depth |of |ultrasound? |
| a. |intensity
| b. |duty |cycle
| c. |frequency
| d. |effective |radiating |area |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Answer: |c
Rationale: |The |selected |frequency |of |ultrasound |determines |the |depth |of |penetration. |
Frequency |is |most |often |1 |MHz |or |3 |MHz. |Increasing |the |frequency |of |ultrasound |causes |a |
decrease |in |the |depth |of |penetration |and |decreasing |the |frequency |causes |an |increase |in |the |
depth |of |penetration.
A |therapist |uses |iontophoresis |to |treat |a |patient |with |a |fungal |infection. |Which |substance |
would |be |the |most |beneficial |to |utilize? |
| a. |copper |sulfate
| b. |calcium |chloride
| c. |lidocaine
