PILATES ANATOMYBASI EXAMSCRIPT 2026 COMPLETEQUESTIONS ANDSOLUTIONS

PILATES ANATOMY BASI EXAM
SCRIPT 2026 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS

◍ Sagital Plane (planes of motion) - Dividing the body into
unequal right and left portions

◍ Coronal Plane (planes of motion) - Dividing the body into
front and back portions

◍ Transverse Plane (planes of motion) - Dividing the body into
upper and lower portions

◍ Anatonical position - Standing with arms down by side and
palms facing forward

◍ Anterior/Ventral (anatomical direction/position) - Front
side/in front of

◍ Posterior/Dorsal (anatomical direction/position) -
Backside/in back of

◍ Medial (anatomical direction/position) - Closer to the median
plane/towards midline

◍ Lateral (anatomical direction/position) - Further from the
median plane/toward side

◍ Superior/Cranial (anatomical direction/position) -
Above/towards head

◍ Inferior/Caudal (anatomical direction/position) -
Below/towards feet

,◍ Proximal (anatomical direction/position) - Closer to root of
limb or median plane.

◍ Distal (anatomical direction/position) - Further from root of
limb or median plane

◍ Supine (anatomical direction/position) - Lying on back

◍ Prone (anatomical direction/position) - Lying on front

◍ Flexion (joint movements) - Movement in an anterior
direction for the upper extremities and hip joint and movement
in a posterior direction for the lower extremities

◍ Extension (joint movements) - Movement in a posterior
direction for the upper extremities and hip joint and movement
in an anterior direction for the lower extremities

◍ Hyperextension (joint movements) - Excessive
movement/position in the direction of extension e.g. knees,
lumbar, and cervical curvatures of the spine

◍ Abduction (joint movements) - Moving AWAY from the
midline of the body

◍ Adduction (joint movements) - Moving TOWARDS the
midline of the body

◍ Rotation (joint movements) - Turning around the long axis of
a bone. Takes place in the transverse plane around the
longitudinal axis.

◍ Lateral Flexion (joint movements) - Side bending of the
trunk to the right or left. Lateral movement of the head, neck,
and trunk in the coronal plane and around the sagital axis.

, ◍ Inversion (joint movements) - Lifting the inside portion of
the foot upward, Turning sole inward; weight on outer edge of
the foot

◍ Eversion (joint movements) - Lifting the outside portion ot
the foot outward, turning sole outward; weight on inner edge of
the foot

◍ Retraction (scapular) (joint movements) - Bringing shoulder
blades together toward spine (also=adduction)

◍ Protraction (scapular) (joint movements) - Bringing shoulder
blades forward and away from spine (also=abduction)

◍ Elevation (scapular) (joint movements) - Lifting shoulder
blades up toward ears

◍ Depression (scapular) (joint movements) - Lowering
shoulder blade toward waist

◍ Rectus abdominis (muscle that act on the pelvic complex) -
Pubic bone, Ribs 5-7 and xiphoid process, flexion at waist.

◍ External obliques (muscle that act on the pelvic complex) -
Major action: Trunk flexion, lateral flexion, and rotation
(opposite). Origin: Lateral Ribs. Insertion: Linea Alba (The
Centre Line of Rectus Abdominis). Action: Flexion and
Rotation to the Opposite Side.

◍ Internal obliques (muscle that act on the pelvic complex) -
Major action: Trunk flexion, lateral flexion, and rotation (same).
The muscles located underneath the external obliques, function
as torso flexors and rotators and maintain pressure on internal
organs

◍ Transverse abdominus - Major action: Pulls abdominal wall
inward. Is the innermost of the flat muscles of the abdomen,