Martin Luther King
Progress in early 1960s:
● 1960 Greensboro student sit in supported by King
● By August 1961 the sit ins had attracted 70,000 participants
● Activists challenging deep rooted racism
● December 1460- all bus stations and terminals are integrated
● CORE- congress of racial equality
King's leadership:
● By 1963 leading figure of civil rights movement
● Similar to Ghandi
● Wanted peaceful methods to such as marches and boycotts
Peace marches:
● Student nonviolent co ordinating committee protesting in Georgia
● Led the march and was arrested
● Gained publicity
● Same methods employed in Birmingham Alabama in May 1963
● He knew racist police chief would be violent
● He allowed dogs to attack and the fire department used powerful hoses
● O'Connor arrested 2000 demonstrators and 1300 children
● Was televised across the world
● Gave King publicity he wanted
● President involved saying desegregation would take place in 90 days
● March on Washington August 1963- call for jobs and freedom but was
broadened to cover all of the rights
● 250,000 took part
● 'I have a dream' speech
● After this spoke with the President
● Johnson passed JFK's civil rights bill in 1964
● It did not guarantee African Americans vote
● 1965 march on Selma- petition for voting rights
● Marchers were attacked by the police and became known as 'bloody
Sunday'
, ● Led to voting rights act 1965
Achievements:
● April 1968 after Memphis speech- King was assassinated
● He was not directly involved in sit-ins and freedom rides
● Other activists- female Gloria Richardson
● Civil rights marches in 1963- helped bring around legislation
● Voting rights campaign and Selma marches helped encourage voting
rights act 1965
● 1965-68- King remained in the forefront, focused his attention on
economic and social improvements
● 1966-focus on helping Northern African Americans in Chicago campaign
for equal housing opportunities
● 1968-involved in poor people's campaign
Malcolm X
The nation of Islam:
● Elijah Muhammad claimed that Allah originally created people black
● Other races came from an evil scientist
● The NoI aimed to give African Americans an alternative to Christian
religion
● Wanted to increase black self-esteem, and improve their economic
situation
Malcolm X:
● Member of NoI
● Helped set up educational and social programmes aimed at black youths
in the Ghetto
● He criticised the March on Washington- did not understand how some
many black people were impressed with a march organised by white
people
● Believed violence could be justified
● March 1964- left NoI
● 1964-trip to Islam changed him, races interacting equally
Progress in early 1960s:
● 1960 Greensboro student sit in supported by King
● By August 1961 the sit ins had attracted 70,000 participants
● Activists challenging deep rooted racism
● December 1460- all bus stations and terminals are integrated
● CORE- congress of racial equality
King's leadership:
● By 1963 leading figure of civil rights movement
● Similar to Ghandi
● Wanted peaceful methods to such as marches and boycotts
Peace marches:
● Student nonviolent co ordinating committee protesting in Georgia
● Led the march and was arrested
● Gained publicity
● Same methods employed in Birmingham Alabama in May 1963
● He knew racist police chief would be violent
● He allowed dogs to attack and the fire department used powerful hoses
● O'Connor arrested 2000 demonstrators and 1300 children
● Was televised across the world
● Gave King publicity he wanted
● President involved saying desegregation would take place in 90 days
● March on Washington August 1963- call for jobs and freedom but was
broadened to cover all of the rights
● 250,000 took part
● 'I have a dream' speech
● After this spoke with the President
● Johnson passed JFK's civil rights bill in 1964
● It did not guarantee African Americans vote
● 1965 march on Selma- petition for voting rights
● Marchers were attacked by the police and became known as 'bloody
Sunday'
, ● Led to voting rights act 1965
Achievements:
● April 1968 after Memphis speech- King was assassinated
● He was not directly involved in sit-ins and freedom rides
● Other activists- female Gloria Richardson
● Civil rights marches in 1963- helped bring around legislation
● Voting rights campaign and Selma marches helped encourage voting
rights act 1965
● 1965-68- King remained in the forefront, focused his attention on
economic and social improvements
● 1966-focus on helping Northern African Americans in Chicago campaign
for equal housing opportunities
● 1968-involved in poor people's campaign
Malcolm X
The nation of Islam:
● Elijah Muhammad claimed that Allah originally created people black
● Other races came from an evil scientist
● The NoI aimed to give African Americans an alternative to Christian
religion
● Wanted to increase black self-esteem, and improve their economic
situation
Malcolm X:
● Member of NoI
● Helped set up educational and social programmes aimed at black youths
in the Ghetto
● He criticised the March on Washington- did not understand how some
many black people were impressed with a march organised by white
people
● Believed violence could be justified
● March 1964- left NoI
● 1964-trip to Islam changed him, races interacting equally
