TEST BANK FOR NURSING RESEARCH
METHODS AND CRITICAL APPRAISAL FOR
EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE 9TH
EDITION BY GERI LOBIONDO-WOOD,
AND JUDITH HABER Ch. 1 Evolution of
Nursing Thought and Action Pg. 3-11
(fully solved)
Nursing Images throughout history
The Angel of Mercy- is serene and content, is usually shown with a halo or other
religious symbol. Until 100 years ago, nurses cared for patients at great risks to
themselves. Even as recently as the 1950’s, antibiotics were not readily available,
and the chief cause of mortality was infectious disease.
-History demonstrates a strong link between nursing and religious orders.
- The values of service and devotion to the patient faded along with the influence of
Christianity during the 14th to the 16th centuries (renaissance)
The Handmaiden- This stereotype portrays the male physician as the dominant role, this
perception of nursing has changed with nurses doing more collaboration, planning and
providing care not only the direction of the physicians but also along with them.
- Although the handmaiden image was more widespread in the past, even then not all
nurses considered themselves to be subservient to physicians
The Battle-Ax- the nurse at the “torturer”, treating her patients with cruelty and disdain.
Care giving activities contribute to the persistence of the battle-ax image- drawing
blood, giving injections….
The naughty nurse- the sexy nurse image arose in the 20th century with burlesque
shows.
, TEST BANK FOR NURSING RESEARCH
METHODS AND CRITICAL APPRAISAL FOR
EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE 9TH EDITION BY
GERI LOBIONDO-WOOD, AND JUDITH
HABER ISBN: 9780323431316 ISBN:
9780323447652
The Military Image – nurses are portrayed in uniform providing support at the
battlefield
Hospitalers- specialized soldiers during the crusade who at the end of battle returned to
the outposts to care for the sick and injured
Describe the role of religion in the development of nursing.
In Eygpt, ancient Greece and Rome, temples were health centers as well as places of
worship. Nurses started off in monasteries but moved to hospitals due to
persecution. Ancient writings describe nursing responsibilities/attributes to include:
knowledge of the preparation, compounding, and administration of drugs, wisdom,
purity and devotion to the patient.
The association of nursing with religion has not always been positive
During the 15th and 19th centuries, the influence of Christianity began to wane and many
nurses with religious orders fled to avoid imprisonment and death. There was a shift in
medicine that moved practitioners from monasteries to universities.
-Many nursing programs are still affiliated with religious groups.
Identify the factors that led to the change of nursing from a vocation of men and
women to a predominantly female profession
WAR
Define nursing in your own words.
Nurses assist the individual sick or well in activities that contribute to health or it’s
recovery, or a peaceful death.
The international council of nurses definition: pg 11.
“ Nursing encompasses autonomous and collaborative care of individuals of all ages,
families, groups and communities, sick and well and in all settings. Nursing includes the
promotion of health, prevention of illness and the care of ill, disabled and dying
people. Advocacy, promoting of a safe environment, research, participation in shaping
health policy and in patient and health systems management, and education are also
key nursing roles.”
Florence Nightingales contributions to nursing:
, TEST BANK FOR NURSING RESEARCH
METHODS AND CRITICAL APPRAISAL FOR
EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE 9TH EDITION BY
GERI LOBIONDO-WOOD, AND JUDITH
HABER ISBN: 9780323431316 ISBN:
9780323447652
The establishment of nursing as a distinct profession
Introduction of a broad-based liberal education for nurses
Major reform in the delivery of care in hospitals
The introduction of standards to control the spread of disease of hospitals
( epidemiology), decrease of nosocomial infections
Major reforms in healthcare for the military
Lilian Wald and Mary Brewster-
Founded the Henry Street Settlement in New York to improve the health and social
conditions of poor immigrants, this is considered the start of public health nursing in
the U.S.
White Women- About 82% of RN’s are white, 6% are male. Major nursing organizations
agree that we need a more diversified nursing force.
Examples of nursing activities
Dependent activities
-Administering prescribed medication
, TEST0BANK0FOR0NURSING0RESEARCH0 ME
THODS0AND0CRITICAL0APPRAISAL0FOR0 E
VIDENCE-
BASED0PRACTICE09TH0EDITION0BY0 GERI0
LOBIONDO-
WOOD,0AND0JUDITH0 HABER0ISBN:09780
3234313160ISBN:0 9780323447652
-Assisting0with0a0diagnostic0test
-0 Administering0IV0fluids
-Ensuring0that0the0patient0received0the0prescribed0diet
Independent0Activities
-
Evaluating0the0patient’s0response0to0medication0and0withholding0the0next0dose0if0the0p
atient0has0a0negative0reaction
-
Teaching0the0patient0what0to0expect0from0the0diagnostic0test0,0preparing0the0patient0f
or0the0test.
-Evaluating0the0patient’s0response0to0treatment,0monitoring0the0flow0rate
-Teaching0a0pregnant0woman0about0additional0nutrients0needed0in0her0diet.
Full-0spectrum0nurse:
Nurses0 use0 clinical0 judgement,0 critical0 thinking,0 and0 problem0 solving0 as0 they0 care0 for
0patients.
Clinical0 Judgment-
0 involved0 observing,0 comparing,0 contrasting0 and0 evaluating0 the0 client’s0condition0to
0determine0where0change0has0occurred.
Critical0 thinking-
0 is0 a0 reflective0 thinking0 process0 that0 involved0 collecting0 information,0analyzing0the0ad
equacy0and0accuracy0of0the0information.
Problem0solving-
0is0a0process0by0which0nurses0consider0an0issue0and0attempt0to0find0a0 satisfactory0sol
ution0to0achieve0the0best0outcomes.
Learning0outcomes…0Pgs012-24
Differentiate0among0the0various0forms0of0education
Practical0and0Vocational0Nursing0Education
• Known0as0LVNs0or0LPNs
• May0 attend0 one0 of0 approximately0 12000 approved0 programs0 given0
METHODS AND CRITICAL APPRAISAL FOR
EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE 9TH
EDITION BY GERI LOBIONDO-WOOD,
AND JUDITH HABER Ch. 1 Evolution of
Nursing Thought and Action Pg. 3-11
(fully solved)
Nursing Images throughout history
The Angel of Mercy- is serene and content, is usually shown with a halo or other
religious symbol. Until 100 years ago, nurses cared for patients at great risks to
themselves. Even as recently as the 1950’s, antibiotics were not readily available,
and the chief cause of mortality was infectious disease.
-History demonstrates a strong link between nursing and religious orders.
- The values of service and devotion to the patient faded along with the influence of
Christianity during the 14th to the 16th centuries (renaissance)
The Handmaiden- This stereotype portrays the male physician as the dominant role, this
perception of nursing has changed with nurses doing more collaboration, planning and
providing care not only the direction of the physicians but also along with them.
- Although the handmaiden image was more widespread in the past, even then not all
nurses considered themselves to be subservient to physicians
The Battle-Ax- the nurse at the “torturer”, treating her patients with cruelty and disdain.
Care giving activities contribute to the persistence of the battle-ax image- drawing
blood, giving injections….
The naughty nurse- the sexy nurse image arose in the 20th century with burlesque
shows.
, TEST BANK FOR NURSING RESEARCH
METHODS AND CRITICAL APPRAISAL FOR
EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE 9TH EDITION BY
GERI LOBIONDO-WOOD, AND JUDITH
HABER ISBN: 9780323431316 ISBN:
9780323447652
The Military Image – nurses are portrayed in uniform providing support at the
battlefield
Hospitalers- specialized soldiers during the crusade who at the end of battle returned to
the outposts to care for the sick and injured
Describe the role of religion in the development of nursing.
In Eygpt, ancient Greece and Rome, temples were health centers as well as places of
worship. Nurses started off in monasteries but moved to hospitals due to
persecution. Ancient writings describe nursing responsibilities/attributes to include:
knowledge of the preparation, compounding, and administration of drugs, wisdom,
purity and devotion to the patient.
The association of nursing with religion has not always been positive
During the 15th and 19th centuries, the influence of Christianity began to wane and many
nurses with religious orders fled to avoid imprisonment and death. There was a shift in
medicine that moved practitioners from monasteries to universities.
-Many nursing programs are still affiliated with religious groups.
Identify the factors that led to the change of nursing from a vocation of men and
women to a predominantly female profession
WAR
Define nursing in your own words.
Nurses assist the individual sick or well in activities that contribute to health or it’s
recovery, or a peaceful death.
The international council of nurses definition: pg 11.
“ Nursing encompasses autonomous and collaborative care of individuals of all ages,
families, groups and communities, sick and well and in all settings. Nursing includes the
promotion of health, prevention of illness and the care of ill, disabled and dying
people. Advocacy, promoting of a safe environment, research, participation in shaping
health policy and in patient and health systems management, and education are also
key nursing roles.”
Florence Nightingales contributions to nursing:
, TEST BANK FOR NURSING RESEARCH
METHODS AND CRITICAL APPRAISAL FOR
EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE 9TH EDITION BY
GERI LOBIONDO-WOOD, AND JUDITH
HABER ISBN: 9780323431316 ISBN:
9780323447652
The establishment of nursing as a distinct profession
Introduction of a broad-based liberal education for nurses
Major reform in the delivery of care in hospitals
The introduction of standards to control the spread of disease of hospitals
( epidemiology), decrease of nosocomial infections
Major reforms in healthcare for the military
Lilian Wald and Mary Brewster-
Founded the Henry Street Settlement in New York to improve the health and social
conditions of poor immigrants, this is considered the start of public health nursing in
the U.S.
White Women- About 82% of RN’s are white, 6% are male. Major nursing organizations
agree that we need a more diversified nursing force.
Examples of nursing activities
Dependent activities
-Administering prescribed medication
, TEST0BANK0FOR0NURSING0RESEARCH0 ME
THODS0AND0CRITICAL0APPRAISAL0FOR0 E
VIDENCE-
BASED0PRACTICE09TH0EDITION0BY0 GERI0
LOBIONDO-
WOOD,0AND0JUDITH0 HABER0ISBN:09780
3234313160ISBN:0 9780323447652
-Assisting0with0a0diagnostic0test
-0 Administering0IV0fluids
-Ensuring0that0the0patient0received0the0prescribed0diet
Independent0Activities
-
Evaluating0the0patient’s0response0to0medication0and0withholding0the0next0dose0if0the0p
atient0has0a0negative0reaction
-
Teaching0the0patient0what0to0expect0from0the0diagnostic0test0,0preparing0the0patient0f
or0the0test.
-Evaluating0the0patient’s0response0to0treatment,0monitoring0the0flow0rate
-Teaching0a0pregnant0woman0about0additional0nutrients0needed0in0her0diet.
Full-0spectrum0nurse:
Nurses0 use0 clinical0 judgement,0 critical0 thinking,0 and0 problem0 solving0 as0 they0 care0 for
0patients.
Clinical0 Judgment-
0 involved0 observing,0 comparing,0 contrasting0 and0 evaluating0 the0 client’s0condition0to
0determine0where0change0has0occurred.
Critical0 thinking-
0 is0 a0 reflective0 thinking0 process0 that0 involved0 collecting0 information,0analyzing0the0ad
equacy0and0accuracy0of0the0information.
Problem0solving-
0is0a0process0by0which0nurses0consider0an0issue0and0attempt0to0find0a0 satisfactory0sol
ution0to0achieve0the0best0outcomes.
Learning0outcomes…0Pgs012-24
Differentiate0among0the0various0forms0of0education
Practical0and0Vocational0Nursing0Education
• Known0as0LVNs0or0LPNs
• May0 attend0 one0 of0 approximately0 12000 approved0 programs0 given0
