DR. RANJIT
CHAPTER 4
VITAMINS
1) DEFINITION OF VITAMINS
2) CLASSIFICATION OF VITAMINS
3) COMPARISON OF VITAMINS
4) VIT A
5) VIT D
6) VIT E
7) VIT K
8) VIT C
9) VITAMIN B5 - PANTOTHENIC ACID
10) VIT B1 – THIAMINE
11) VIT B2 – RIBOFLAVIN
12) VIT B3 – NIACIN
13) VITAMIN B6 – PYRIDOXINE
14) VITAMIN B7 – BIOTIN
15) VITAMIN B9 – FOLIC ACID
16) VITAMIN B12 - COBALAMIN
, VITAMINS
DEFINITION OF VITAMINS
1. Vitamins are defined as organic compounds occurring in natural foods,
which are required in minute amounts for normal growth, maintenance
and reproduction
2. A vitamin is a substance that makes you ill if you don’t eat it
3. The term ‘vitamine” was coined from the words vital + amine, since the
earlier identified ones had amino groups
4. Later work showed that most of them did not contain amino group, so the
last letter “e” was dropped in the modern term “vitamin”
CLASSIFICATION
Vitamins are classified into 2 groups:
1. Fat soluble vitamins
2. Water soluble vitamins
FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS
1. They are soluble in fats and oils
2. They can be stored in the liver and adipose tissue e.g.
,VITAMIN RDA
1. Vit A 4000- 5000 IU
2. Vit D 200-400 IU
3. Vit E 15 – 25 IU
4. Vit K 70-140 microgms
WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS
1. These vitamins are soluble in water.
2. They are readily excreted in the urine and are not toxic to the body
3. Water soluble vitamins must be continuously supplied in the diet
4. The water soluble vitamins form co-enzymes that participate in a variety
of biochemical reactions e.g.
VITAMIN RDA
1. Vit C 60 – 70 mg
2. Vit B1 (Thiamine) 1 – 1.5 mg
3. Vit B2 (Riboflavin) 1.5 – 2 mg
4. Vit B3 (Niacin) 15 – 20 mg
5. Vit B6 (Pyridoxine) 2 – 2.5 mg
6. Vit B7 - Biotin 100 – 300 microgm
7. Vit B9 - Folic acid 400 – 500 microgm
8. Vit B12 (Cobalamin) 3 – 4 microgm
9. Vit B5 - Pantothenic acid 5 – 10 mg
, COMPARISON OF VITAMINS
Property Fat soluble vitamins Water soluble vitamins
1. Solubility in fat Soluble Not soluble
2. Water solubility Not soluble Soluble
3. Absorption Along with lipids Absorption simple
Requires bile salts
4. Carrier proteins Present No carrier proteins
5. Storage Stored in liver No storage
6. Excretion Not excreted Excreted
7. Deficiency Manifests only when Manifests rapidly as
stores are depleted there is no storage
8. Toxicity Hypervitaminosis may result Unlikely, since
excess is excreted
9. Treatment Single large dose prevent Regular dietary
deficiency supply is required
10. Major vitamins A, D, E and K B and C
CHAPTER 4
VITAMINS
1) DEFINITION OF VITAMINS
2) CLASSIFICATION OF VITAMINS
3) COMPARISON OF VITAMINS
4) VIT A
5) VIT D
6) VIT E
7) VIT K
8) VIT C
9) VITAMIN B5 - PANTOTHENIC ACID
10) VIT B1 – THIAMINE
11) VIT B2 – RIBOFLAVIN
12) VIT B3 – NIACIN
13) VITAMIN B6 – PYRIDOXINE
14) VITAMIN B7 – BIOTIN
15) VITAMIN B9 – FOLIC ACID
16) VITAMIN B12 - COBALAMIN
, VITAMINS
DEFINITION OF VITAMINS
1. Vitamins are defined as organic compounds occurring in natural foods,
which are required in minute amounts for normal growth, maintenance
and reproduction
2. A vitamin is a substance that makes you ill if you don’t eat it
3. The term ‘vitamine” was coined from the words vital + amine, since the
earlier identified ones had amino groups
4. Later work showed that most of them did not contain amino group, so the
last letter “e” was dropped in the modern term “vitamin”
CLASSIFICATION
Vitamins are classified into 2 groups:
1. Fat soluble vitamins
2. Water soluble vitamins
FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS
1. They are soluble in fats and oils
2. They can be stored in the liver and adipose tissue e.g.
,VITAMIN RDA
1. Vit A 4000- 5000 IU
2. Vit D 200-400 IU
3. Vit E 15 – 25 IU
4. Vit K 70-140 microgms
WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS
1. These vitamins are soluble in water.
2. They are readily excreted in the urine and are not toxic to the body
3. Water soluble vitamins must be continuously supplied in the diet
4. The water soluble vitamins form co-enzymes that participate in a variety
of biochemical reactions e.g.
VITAMIN RDA
1. Vit C 60 – 70 mg
2. Vit B1 (Thiamine) 1 – 1.5 mg
3. Vit B2 (Riboflavin) 1.5 – 2 mg
4. Vit B3 (Niacin) 15 – 20 mg
5. Vit B6 (Pyridoxine) 2 – 2.5 mg
6. Vit B7 - Biotin 100 – 300 microgm
7. Vit B9 - Folic acid 400 – 500 microgm
8. Vit B12 (Cobalamin) 3 – 4 microgm
9. Vit B5 - Pantothenic acid 5 – 10 mg
, COMPARISON OF VITAMINS
Property Fat soluble vitamins Water soluble vitamins
1. Solubility in fat Soluble Not soluble
2. Water solubility Not soluble Soluble
3. Absorption Along with lipids Absorption simple
Requires bile salts
4. Carrier proteins Present No carrier proteins
5. Storage Stored in liver No storage
6. Excretion Not excreted Excreted
7. Deficiency Manifests only when Manifests rapidly as
stores are depleted there is no storage
8. Toxicity Hypervitaminosis may result Unlikely, since
excess is excreted
9. Treatment Single large dose prevent Regular dietary
deficiency supply is required
10. Major vitamins A, D, E and K B and C
