Summary AQA Paper 1 Biological molecules - 3.1.4 Proteins

Proteins
: polymers made up of amino acid
monomers

: A dipeptide is formed when two amino
acids join via condensation : During condensation, an OH is
removed from the carboxyl group of one
: A polypeptide forms when more than amino acid
two amino acids join
- H is removed from the amino group of
: Proteins are made up of one or more the other amino acid
polypeptides folded together into a
specific shape - forms a H2O molecule, leaving a
peptide bond behind:


: All amino acids have the same general
structure: a carboxyl -COOH group, an : Proteins are large polymers made up
amine group -NH2 and an R group of amino acid monomers
attached to a central carbon atom

: This R group varies depending on the
amino acid, but the rest of the structure
stays the same

: The R group is generally a carbon-
containing group – except glycine which
is just has a H atom as the R group

: All living things share a bank of 20
amino acids which join up together in
different orders to form a wide range of
different proteins



: Amino acids join by condensation
reactions

: Amino acids join to form dipeptides
and polypeptides

: The bonds formed between adjacent
amino acids in a dipeptide or
polypeptide are called peptide bonds

: Hydrolysis breaks proteins down into
its constituent amino acid monomers

: The peptide bond forms between the
carbon on one amino acid, and the
nitrogen of another