WILLIAMS BASIC NUTRITION AND DIET
THERAPY 15TH EDITION EXAMINATION
TEST 2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS WITH RATIONALES
⩥ Absorption. Answer: The process by which nutrients are taken into the
cells that line the gastrointestinal tract
⩥ Acetone. Answer: A major ketone compound that results from fat
breakdown for energy in individuals with uncontrolled diabetes
⩥ Achalasia. Answer: A disorder of the esophagus in which the muscles
of the tube fail to relax, thereby inhibiting normal swallowing
⩥ Acidic or alkaline diets. Answer: Diets based on the theory that diets
high in acidic foods will disrupt the body's normal pH balance, which is
slightly alkaline
⩥ Acidosis. Answer: A blood pH of less than 7.35; respiratory acidosis is
caused by an accumulation of carbon dioxide (an acid); metabolic
acidosis may be caused by a variety of conditions that result in the
excess accumulation of acids in the body or by a significant loss of
bicarbonate (a base)
,⩥ Adipocytes. Answer: Fat cells
⩥ Adipose tissue. Answer: The storage site for excess fat
⩥ Adipose. Answer: Fat stored in the cells of adipose (fatty) tissue
⩥ Aerobic capacity. Answer: A state in which oxygen is required to
proceed; milliliters of oxygen consumed per kilogram of body weight
per minute as influenced by body composition
⩥ Aldosterone. Answer: A hormone of the adrenal glands that acts on the
distal nephron tubule to stimulate the reabsorption of sodium in an ion
exchange with potassium
⩥ Aldosteronoma. Answer: The excess secretion of aldosterone from the
adrenal cortex; symptoms and complications include sodium retention,
potassium wasting, alkalosis, weakness, paralysis, polyuria, polydipsia,
hypertension, and cardiac arrhythmias
⩥ Alkalosis. Answer: A blood pH of more than 7.45; respiratory
alkalosis is caused by hyperventilation and an excess loss of carbon
dioxide; metabolic alkalosis is seen with extensive vomiting in which a
significant amount of hydrochloric acid is lost and bicarbonate (a base)
is secreted
,⩥ Allergens. Answer: Food proteins that elicit an immune system
response or an allergic reaction; symptoms may include itching,
swelling, hives, diarrhea, and difficulty breathing as well as anaphylaxis
in the worst cases
⩥ Allergy. Answer: A state of hypersensitivity to particular substances in
the environment that works on the body tissues to produce problems in
the functioning of the affected tissues
⩥ Alpha-linolenic acid. Answer: An essentially fatty acid with 18 carbon
atoms and three double bonds; found in soybean, canola, and flaxseed
oil
⩥ Amenorrhea. Answer: The absence of a menstrual period in a woman
of reproductive age
⩥ Amenorrheic. Answer: The absence of abnormal cessation of the
menses
⩥ Amino acids. Answer: The nitrogen-bearing compounds that form the
structural units of protein
⩥ Aminopeptidase. Answer: A specific protein-splitting enzyme secreted
by glands in the walls of the small intestine that breaks off the nitrogen-
, containing amino end of the peptide chain, thereby producing smaller-
chained peptides and free amino acids
⩥ Anabolism. Answer: The metabolic process of building large
substances from smaller parts
⩥ Anaerobic. Answer: A microorganism that can live and grow in an
oxygen-free environment
⩥ Anaphylaxis. Answer: A severe and sometimes fatal allergic reaction
that results from exposure to a protein that the body perceives as foreign
and that elicits a systemic response that involved multiple organs
⩥ Anemia. Answer: A blood condition that is characterized by a
deceased number of circulating red blood cells, decreased hemoglobin,
or both
⩥ Anencephaly. Answer: A neural tube defect in which the brain does
not form
⩥ Anencephaly. Answer: The congenital absence of the brain that results
from the incomplete closure of the upper end of the neural tube
THERAPY 15TH EDITION EXAMINATION
TEST 2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS WITH RATIONALES
⩥ Absorption. Answer: The process by which nutrients are taken into the
cells that line the gastrointestinal tract
⩥ Acetone. Answer: A major ketone compound that results from fat
breakdown for energy in individuals with uncontrolled diabetes
⩥ Achalasia. Answer: A disorder of the esophagus in which the muscles
of the tube fail to relax, thereby inhibiting normal swallowing
⩥ Acidic or alkaline diets. Answer: Diets based on the theory that diets
high in acidic foods will disrupt the body's normal pH balance, which is
slightly alkaline
⩥ Acidosis. Answer: A blood pH of less than 7.35; respiratory acidosis is
caused by an accumulation of carbon dioxide (an acid); metabolic
acidosis may be caused by a variety of conditions that result in the
excess accumulation of acids in the body or by a significant loss of
bicarbonate (a base)
,⩥ Adipocytes. Answer: Fat cells
⩥ Adipose tissue. Answer: The storage site for excess fat
⩥ Adipose. Answer: Fat stored in the cells of adipose (fatty) tissue
⩥ Aerobic capacity. Answer: A state in which oxygen is required to
proceed; milliliters of oxygen consumed per kilogram of body weight
per minute as influenced by body composition
⩥ Aldosterone. Answer: A hormone of the adrenal glands that acts on the
distal nephron tubule to stimulate the reabsorption of sodium in an ion
exchange with potassium
⩥ Aldosteronoma. Answer: The excess secretion of aldosterone from the
adrenal cortex; symptoms and complications include sodium retention,
potassium wasting, alkalosis, weakness, paralysis, polyuria, polydipsia,
hypertension, and cardiac arrhythmias
⩥ Alkalosis. Answer: A blood pH of more than 7.45; respiratory
alkalosis is caused by hyperventilation and an excess loss of carbon
dioxide; metabolic alkalosis is seen with extensive vomiting in which a
significant amount of hydrochloric acid is lost and bicarbonate (a base)
is secreted
,⩥ Allergens. Answer: Food proteins that elicit an immune system
response or an allergic reaction; symptoms may include itching,
swelling, hives, diarrhea, and difficulty breathing as well as anaphylaxis
in the worst cases
⩥ Allergy. Answer: A state of hypersensitivity to particular substances in
the environment that works on the body tissues to produce problems in
the functioning of the affected tissues
⩥ Alpha-linolenic acid. Answer: An essentially fatty acid with 18 carbon
atoms and three double bonds; found in soybean, canola, and flaxseed
oil
⩥ Amenorrhea. Answer: The absence of a menstrual period in a woman
of reproductive age
⩥ Amenorrheic. Answer: The absence of abnormal cessation of the
menses
⩥ Amino acids. Answer: The nitrogen-bearing compounds that form the
structural units of protein
⩥ Aminopeptidase. Answer: A specific protein-splitting enzyme secreted
by glands in the walls of the small intestine that breaks off the nitrogen-
, containing amino end of the peptide chain, thereby producing smaller-
chained peptides and free amino acids
⩥ Anabolism. Answer: The metabolic process of building large
substances from smaller parts
⩥ Anaerobic. Answer: A microorganism that can live and grow in an
oxygen-free environment
⩥ Anaphylaxis. Answer: A severe and sometimes fatal allergic reaction
that results from exposure to a protein that the body perceives as foreign
and that elicits a systemic response that involved multiple organs
⩥ Anemia. Answer: A blood condition that is characterized by a
deceased number of circulating red blood cells, decreased hemoglobin,
or both
⩥ Anencephaly. Answer: A neural tube defect in which the brain does
not form
⩥ Anencephaly. Answer: The congenital absence of the brain that results
from the incomplete closure of the upper end of the neural tube
