UNIT IV
Drugs Affecting the Cardiovascular System
Antihypertensives
Kyle Melin 17
DIURETICS
I. OVERVIEW
Amiloride MIDAMOR
Bumetanide BUMEX
Hypertension is defined as either a sustained systolic blood pressure
Chlorthalidone HYGROTON
of greater than 140 mm Hg or a sustained diastolic blood pressure of
Eplerenone INSPRA
greater than 90 mm Hg. Hypertension results from increased peripheral
Ethacrynic acid EDECRIN
vascular arteriolar smooth muscle tone, which leads to increased arte-
Furosemide LASIX
riolar resistance and reduced capacitance of the venous system. In most
Hydrochlorothiazide MICROZIDE
cases, the cause of the increased vascular tone is unknown. Elevated
Indapamide LOZOL
blood pressure is a common disorder, affecting approximately 30% of
Metolazone MYKROX, ZAROXOLYN
adults in the United States. Although many patients have no symptoms,
Spironolactone ALDACTONE
chronic hypertension can lead to heart disease and stroke, the top two
Triamterene DYRENIUM
causes of death in the world. Hypertension is also an important risk fac-
Torsemide DEMADEX
tor in the development of chronic kidney disease and heart failure. The
incidence of morbidity and mortality significantly decreases when hyper- β-BLOCKERS
tension is diagnosed early and is properly treated. The drugs used in the Acebutolol SECTRAL
treatment of hypertension are shown in Figure 17.1. In recognition of the Atenolol TENORMIN
Betaxolol KERLONE
ANGIOTENSIN II ACE INHIBITORS Bisoprolol ZEBETA
RECEPTOR BLOCKERS Carvedilol COREG, COREG CR
Benazepril LOTENSIN
Azilsartan medoxomil EDARBI Captopril CAPOTEN Esmolol BREVIBLOC
Candesartan ATACAND Enalapril VASOTEC Labetalol TRANDATE
Eprosartan TEVETEN Fosinopril MONOPRIL Metoprolol LOPRESSOR, TOPROL-XL
Irbesartan AVAPRO Lisinopril PRINIVIL, ZESTRIL Nadolol CORGARD
Losartan COZAAR Moexipril UNIVASC Nebivolol BYSTOLIC
Olmesartan BENICAR Quinapril ACCUPRIL Penbutolol LEVATOL
Telmisartan MICARDIS Perindopril ACEON Pindolol VISKEN
Valsartan DIOVAN Ramipril ALTACE Propranolol INDERAL LA, INNOPRAN XL
RENIN INHIBITORS Trandolapril MAVIK Timolol BLOCADREN
Aliskiren TEKTURNA
Figure 17.1
Summary of antihypertensive drugs. ACE = angiotensin-converting enzyme.
(Figure continues on next page.)
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0002115119.INDD 225 6/24/2014 9:34:40 AM
Drugs Affecting the Cardiovascular System
Antihypertensives
Kyle Melin 17
DIURETICS
I. OVERVIEW
Amiloride MIDAMOR
Bumetanide BUMEX
Hypertension is defined as either a sustained systolic blood pressure
Chlorthalidone HYGROTON
of greater than 140 mm Hg or a sustained diastolic blood pressure of
Eplerenone INSPRA
greater than 90 mm Hg. Hypertension results from increased peripheral
Ethacrynic acid EDECRIN
vascular arteriolar smooth muscle tone, which leads to increased arte-
Furosemide LASIX
riolar resistance and reduced capacitance of the venous system. In most
Hydrochlorothiazide MICROZIDE
cases, the cause of the increased vascular tone is unknown. Elevated
Indapamide LOZOL
blood pressure is a common disorder, affecting approximately 30% of
Metolazone MYKROX, ZAROXOLYN
adults in the United States. Although many patients have no symptoms,
Spironolactone ALDACTONE
chronic hypertension can lead to heart disease and stroke, the top two
Triamterene DYRENIUM
causes of death in the world. Hypertension is also an important risk fac-
Torsemide DEMADEX
tor in the development of chronic kidney disease and heart failure. The
incidence of morbidity and mortality significantly decreases when hyper- β-BLOCKERS
tension is diagnosed early and is properly treated. The drugs used in the Acebutolol SECTRAL
treatment of hypertension are shown in Figure 17.1. In recognition of the Atenolol TENORMIN
Betaxolol KERLONE
ANGIOTENSIN II ACE INHIBITORS Bisoprolol ZEBETA
RECEPTOR BLOCKERS Carvedilol COREG, COREG CR
Benazepril LOTENSIN
Azilsartan medoxomil EDARBI Captopril CAPOTEN Esmolol BREVIBLOC
Candesartan ATACAND Enalapril VASOTEC Labetalol TRANDATE
Eprosartan TEVETEN Fosinopril MONOPRIL Metoprolol LOPRESSOR, TOPROL-XL
Irbesartan AVAPRO Lisinopril PRINIVIL, ZESTRIL Nadolol CORGARD
Losartan COZAAR Moexipril UNIVASC Nebivolol BYSTOLIC
Olmesartan BENICAR Quinapril ACCUPRIL Penbutolol LEVATOL
Telmisartan MICARDIS Perindopril ACEON Pindolol VISKEN
Valsartan DIOVAN Ramipril ALTACE Propranolol INDERAL LA, INNOPRAN XL
RENIN INHIBITORS Trandolapril MAVIK Timolol BLOCADREN
Aliskiren TEKTURNA
Figure 17.1
Summary of antihypertensive drugs. ACE = angiotensin-converting enzyme.
(Figure continues on next page.)
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0002115119.INDD 225 6/24/2014 9:34:40 AM
