bch210 (BCH210)
University of Toronto (U of T )
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Exam (elaborations)
BCH210 Exam Questions With Complete Solutions
What is the formula for a monosaccharide? Use an example to describe how monosaccharides link to form disaccharides correct answer: (CH2O)*n, where n is the number of carbons and must be greater than 3 (e.g. glucose has 6 carbons, C6H12O6). Glucose and fructose are both monosaccharides, which link through a glycosidic bond to form sucrose, a disaccharide 
 
Name, classify and describe the two simplest monosaccharides (3 carbons) correct answer: Glyceraldehyde: Aldo-triose, aldehyde on one end ...
Exam (elaborations)
BCH210 Midterm Test 1| 160 Questions| With Complete Solutions
Popularproteins correct answer: polymers of amino acids linked in a linear chain by peptide/amide bonds (polypeptides) 
 
polysaccharides correct answer: polymers of sugars (mono-saccharides) linked in linear and branched chains by glycosidic bonds 
 
DNA correct answer: polymers of nucleotides linked in linear chains by phosphodiester bonds 
 
protein enzymes correct answer: Linkages (bonds) are formed/broken by _______? 
 
sickle cell anemia correct answer: a single amino acid change in hemoglob...
Summary
Bch210 Final Notes
NewPage 1 covers Glycolysis, Glycogenesis, Glycogenolysis, Anaerobic Glycolysis, Citric Acid Cycle, Oxidative Phosphorylation, Fat Mobilization, Fatty Acid Activation, Beta Oxidation, Fatty Acid Synthesis, Lipoproteins and Gluconeogenesis. 
Page 2 covers Membrane Structure, Lipids, Membrane Proteins, Transport, Signalling, Metabolism and Carbohydrates
Exam (elaborations)
BCH210 Term Test 1 Lec 1-4 Questions With Complete Solutions
Hemoglobin correct answer: Tetramer of two alpha and two beta polypeptide chains 
 
Contains heme 
 
Globin is a protein 
 
Which amino acid change is involved in sickle cell anemia? correct answer: Glu6Val 
A single amino acid change in the beta chain of hemoglobin causes sickle cell anemia 
 
HbS forms long polymers that change the shape of the RBC 
 
Where are hydrophobic and hydrophilic amino acids usually found in a protein? correct answer: Hydrophobic on the inside (non-polar interio...
Exam (elaborations)
BCH210 Quiz Raffle! Questions With Complete Solutions
Which ONE of the following amino acids may be linked covalently to an oligosaccharide via an O-glycosidic bond? 
A. Glc 
B. Tyr 
C. Thr 
D. Asp correct answer: C - Thr has an OH side chain 
 
Which ONE of the following statements is CORRECT regarding the role of thermodynamics in glycolysis? 
A. It is spontaneous in the forward direction due to the cleavage of glucose into 2 molecules. 
B. ATP is required as the pathways is unfavourable under standard conditions. 
C. Thermodynamically favourabl...
Exam (elaborations)
BCH210 Lecture 7 Questions With Complete Solions
How does membrane formation occur? correct answer: decrease in ionic bond with water 
 
What are the main functions of the cell membrane? correct answer: - barrier regulating the import and export of essential molecules 
- Compartmentalization of specialized processes increases cellular efficiency. 
- modulates cell-cell recognition due to the presence of glycoproteins and glycolipids. 
- Signalling across the membrane is mediated by proteins and lipids. 
 
What is the fluid mosaic model? corr...
Exam (elaborations)
BCH210 Section 2 Questions With Complete Solutions
Direction of phospholipid movement in flippases? correct answer: Outer to inner leaflet 
Moves PE (neutral) and PS (-1) 
 
Direction of phospholipid movement in floppases? correct answer: Inner to outer leaflet 
 
Function of Scramblase correct answer: Increases membrane SYMMETRY 
 
Moves phospholipids down their conc gradient 
 
Result of adding crosslinkers into cell membrane for FRAP correct answer: Slows down diffusion of phospholipids; slower recovery rate 
 
Entropy of lipids [?] when ...
Exam (elaborations)
BCH210 Midterm Test 1 (OWN), BCH210 Class 2 (+learn this w/ the notes), BCH210 Class 3, BCH210 Class 4, BCH210 Class 5, BCH210 Class 6, BCH210 Class 9
Classifications of proteins are based on.... correct answer: - position in the cell (membrane/soluble/extracellular) 
- function (transporter/enzyme/structural/hormone) 
- other molecules associated w/ it (glycoprotein - sugar, lipoprotein - lipid) 
 
A salt bridge is an....bond and is an example of a.....interaction correct answer: ionic, non-covalent 
 
Are salt bridges easier to break in biochem? Why? correct answer: - Yes- Interacting w/ surrounding solvent (water) 
 
Is an O bonded to a ...
Exam (elaborations)
BCH210 - Week 4 Questions With Complete Solutions
What are some membrane properties? correct answer: - Composed of lipid bilayer that are impermeable to polar or charged molecules. 
- Hydrophobic effect drives membrane formation of amphipathic molecules 
- Membranes are asymmetric and composed of lipids and proteins 
- Membrane proteins play key roles in transport of molecules and transduction of info across the membrane 
 
What are essential membrane functions? correct answer: - Act as a barrier regulating import and export of essential mo...
Exam (elaborations)
BCH210 TEST 2 Questions With Complete Solutions
functions of the membrane correct answer: -the structure of the membrane is key for its function 
 
-act as a barrier regulating import and export of molecules 
-help with compartmentalization of the cell, creating particular environments for certain processes so multiple specialized processes could occur at once 
-modulates cell-cell recognition with their glycoproteins and glycolipids located on the outer leaflet facing the cytosol 
-signaling across the membrane by proteins and lipids 
 
p...
Exam (elaborations)
BCH210 midterm Questions With Complete Solutions
identify all the polar amino acids correct answer: cysteine (cys), asparatate (asp), glutamate (glu), histidine (his) , lysine (lys), asparagine (asn), arginine (arg), serine (ser), threonine (thr), and glutamine (gln) 
 
identify all the nonpolar (hydrophobic) amino acids correct answer: alanine (ala), proline (pro), phenylalanine (phe), valine (val), leucine (leu), and isoleucine (ile) 
 
identify all of the amphipathic/mixed properties amino acids: correct answer: methionine (met), tyrosin...
Exam (elaborations)
BCH210 Lecture 1 Questions With Complete Solutions
What are the different biochemical molecules of life? correct answer: - proteins = antibodies, receptors, transorters, hormones enzymes 
- lipids = fats, cholesterol, hormones 
- sugars = energy, cell structure 
- nucleic acids = DNA, RNA 
- small molecules= vitamines, metabolites 
- ions = K+, Na+, Ca2+, Cl- 
- water 
 
What are the 2 different types of hormones? correct answer: - protein/ lipid derivative 
 
What determines the function of a molecules correct answer: structure 
 
What cause...
Exam (elaborations)
BCH210 Term Test #2| 171 Questions| With Complete Solutions
Membranes (both outside and inside the cell) correct answer: Not a static structure, very important for cell function. They contain proteins that are very complex and vital to cell life. 
 
Mitochondria membranes correct answer: Very vital for the cell, has both an inner and outer membrane. 
 
What drives membrane formation? correct answer: A decrease in ionic interactions with water / limiting the hydrophobic interactions drives membrane formation. 
 
Lipid tails are ... correct answer: Hyd...
Exam (elaborations)
BCH210 - Week 5 Questions With Complete Solutions
What are the three types of membrane proteins? correct answer: 1) Peripheral 
2) Integral 
3) Lipid anchored 
 
What are peripheral membrane proteins? correct answer: - Adhere to surface of lipid membranes or integral membrane proteins through non-covalent interactions 
- Can be removed using milder conditions 
 
What is the signature amino acid sequence for amphipathic helices? correct answer: P-P-NP-NP-P-P-NP-NP 
alternating polar and non-polar aa 
 
What are integral membrane proteins? ...
Exam (elaborations)
BCH210 TT2 Questions With Complete Solutions
Functions of biological membranes correct answer: - barrier (import/export) 
-compartmentalization of essential molecules (incrs. efficiency) 
- cell signaling-mediated by pr & lipids (receptors) 
- modulate cell-cell recognition (glycoproteins & glycolipids) 
 
What's responsible for membrane formation correct answer: decrease in ionic interactions w/ h2o (HYDROPHOBIC EFFECT) 
-h20X tails aggregate to hide from h2o (lots of n-c interactions) 
-polar heads interact w/ h2o 
Decreases membrane ...
Exam (elaborations)
BCH210 Final exam (CYCLES) Questions With Complete Solutions
What does Rotenone and amytal do? correct answer: Inhibit electron flow from complex I to CoQ 
 
What does antimycin A do? correct answer: blocks complex III 
 
What does Cyanide, azide and Co do? correct answer: Inhibit complex IV 
 
what does oligomycin do? correct answer: inhibits ATP synthase, by binding to c subunit of ATP synthase blocking the flow of protons 
 
What are uncouplers? correct answer: disconnect ATP synthesis from electron flow, have ability to transport protons across i...
Exam (elaborations)
Bch210 Final| 170 Questions| With Complete Solutions
sucrose correct answer: glucose + fructose with a glycosidic bond 
 
simple monosaccharide correct answer: formula: (CH2O)n 
-simplest carbohydrates 
-have an aldehyde or ketone group 
sugars with a aldehyde have a prefix aldo- 
sugars with a ketone group have a prefix keto- 
-if a ketose, the ketone group is always at carbon 2- this decreases the amount of isomers that could form 
-made up of chiral carbons- allowing the sugars to form different isomers, leading to structural diversity (aldos...
Exam (elaborations)
BCH210 Midterm Test 1| 160 Questions | With Complete Solutions
proteins correct answer: polymers of amino acids linked in a linear chain by peptide/amide bonds (polypeptides) 
 
polysaccharides correct answer: polymers of sugars (mono-saccharides) linked in linear and branched chains by glycosidic bonds 
 
DNA correct answer: polymers of nucleotides linked in linear chains by phosphodiester bonds 
 
protein enzymes correct answer: Linkages (bonds) are formed/broken by _______? 
 
sickle cell anemia correct answer: a single amino acid change in hemoglob...
Exam (elaborations)
BCH210 Test 2| 100 Questions | With Complete Solutions
Name three factors responsible for membrane formation correct answer: Decrease in ionic interactions with water 
Decrease in membrane entropy 
Non-covalent interactions between lipids and proteins 
 
What membrane structures allow the cell membrane to modulate cell-cell recognition? correct answer: Glycoproteins and glycoplipids 
 
What non-covalent forces drive spontaneous membrane assembly? correct answer: Hydrophobic effect, hydrogen bonds and van der Waals 
 
What is the most important re...
Exam (elaborations)
BCH210 Midterm 2| 316 Questions| With Complete Solutions
Essential Membrane Functions correct answer: act as barrier 
regulate import and export of molecules 
compartmentalization of processes increases efficiency 
 
membrane properties correct answer: composed of lipid bilayer 
impermeable to polar molecules 
asymmetric 
 
membrane fluidity correct answer: lipids and proteins rotate or move within bilayer; allows cell movement, growth, division, secretion, cell junction formation, and self-heal if punctured 
comformational changes mediate 
 
fluid...