ESTUDYR
BIO1300 METABOLISM AND NUTRITION MOST TESTED
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+ WITH
RATIONALES
1. What is catabolism?
A. Creation of complex organic compounds from simple ones
B. Breakdown of complex organic compounds into simpler compounds
C. Storage of excess nutrients in adipose tissue
D. Movement of molecules across membranes
Answer: B. Rationale: Catabolism involves degradative pathways that release energy by
breaking down large molecules (e.g., glycogen → glucose).
2. Exergonic reactions are best described as:
A. Reactions that require an input of energy (ATP)
B. Reactions that release energy (often captured as ATP)
C. Reactions that are always irreversible biologic processes
D. Reactions that synthesize complex macromolecules
Answer: B. Rationale: Exergonic = energy-releasing; catabolic pathways are exergonic
and can drive ATP production.
3. Carbohydrates are ultimately broken down into which monosaccharide for cellular use?
A. Fructose
B. Galactose
C. Glucose
D. Ribose
Answer: C. Rationale: Glucose is the primary cellular fuel produced from carbohydrate
digestion and glycogenolysis.
4. Proteins are catabolized into:
A. Monosaccharides
B. Fatty acids
C. Amino acids
D. Glycerol
,ESTUDYR
Answer: C. Rationale: Proteolysis yields amino acids which enter pathways for energy,
gluconeogenesis, or biosynthesis.
5. Lipids are broken down primarily into:
A. Amino acids
B. Monosaccharides
C. Fatty acids (and glycerol)
D. Steroids
Answer: C. Rationale: Lipolysis produces fatty acids and glycerol; fatty acids are used for
β-oxidation and ATP production.
6. What is anabolism?
A. Breakdown of ATP to ADP
B. Synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones
C. Transport of substances across membranes
D. Oxidation of glucose for heat
Answer: B. Rationale: Anabolism uses energy to build macromolecules (proteins,
glycogen, lipids) needed for structure and function.
7. Endergonic reactions are:
A. Always spontaneous
B. Always exothermic
C. Reactions that require input of energy (e.g., ATP)
D. Reactions that produce ATP directly
Answer: C. Rationale: Endergonic processes (anabolism) need energy input to proceed.
8. Which of the following is NOT one of the four primary purposes for synthesizing new
organic compounds in the body?
A. Structural maintenance and repair
B. Growth support
C. Nutrient reserve storage
D. Producing only volatile waste gases
Answer: D. Rationale: The four purposes include maintenance/repair, growth, signaling
, ESTUDYR
molecule production (e.g., neurotransmitters such as serotonin), and storage — not
producing waste gases.
9. Enzymes are:
A. Inorganic catalysts made of metal only
B. Proteins that catalyze reactions (biological catalysts)
C. Always consumed in the reaction they catalyze
D. Lipid molecules that store energy
Answer: B. Rationale: Most enzymes are proteins (some RNA catalysts exist) that lower
activation energy without being consumed.
10. Which statement about enzymes is correct?
A. Enzymes increase the activation energy required for reactions
B. Enzymes reduce the activation energy and increase reaction rate; activity generally
rises with temperature up to an optimum, then falls
C. Enzymes permanently alter substrate molecules chemically in a way that cannot be
repeated
D. Enzyme activity is independent of pH and temperature
Answer: B. Rationale: Enzymes speed reactions by lowering activation energy; activity is
temperature- and pH-sensitive.
11. Which of the following is an anabolic hormone?
A. Cortisol
B. Glucagon
C. Insulin
D. Epinephrine
Answer: C. Rationale: Insulin promotes uptake and storage of nutrients (glycogen, fat,
protein synthesis) — an anabolic role.
12. Growth hormone (GH) primarily:
A. Lowers blood glucose dramatically
B. Stimulates growth of cells and tissues
C. Acts only as a catabolic hormone
BIO1300 METABOLISM AND NUTRITION MOST TESTED
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+ WITH
RATIONALES
1. What is catabolism?
A. Creation of complex organic compounds from simple ones
B. Breakdown of complex organic compounds into simpler compounds
C. Storage of excess nutrients in adipose tissue
D. Movement of molecules across membranes
Answer: B. Rationale: Catabolism involves degradative pathways that release energy by
breaking down large molecules (e.g., glycogen → glucose).
2. Exergonic reactions are best described as:
A. Reactions that require an input of energy (ATP)
B. Reactions that release energy (often captured as ATP)
C. Reactions that are always irreversible biologic processes
D. Reactions that synthesize complex macromolecules
Answer: B. Rationale: Exergonic = energy-releasing; catabolic pathways are exergonic
and can drive ATP production.
3. Carbohydrates are ultimately broken down into which monosaccharide for cellular use?
A. Fructose
B. Galactose
C. Glucose
D. Ribose
Answer: C. Rationale: Glucose is the primary cellular fuel produced from carbohydrate
digestion and glycogenolysis.
4. Proteins are catabolized into:
A. Monosaccharides
B. Fatty acids
C. Amino acids
D. Glycerol
,ESTUDYR
Answer: C. Rationale: Proteolysis yields amino acids which enter pathways for energy,
gluconeogenesis, or biosynthesis.
5. Lipids are broken down primarily into:
A. Amino acids
B. Monosaccharides
C. Fatty acids (and glycerol)
D. Steroids
Answer: C. Rationale: Lipolysis produces fatty acids and glycerol; fatty acids are used for
β-oxidation and ATP production.
6. What is anabolism?
A. Breakdown of ATP to ADP
B. Synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones
C. Transport of substances across membranes
D. Oxidation of glucose for heat
Answer: B. Rationale: Anabolism uses energy to build macromolecules (proteins,
glycogen, lipids) needed for structure and function.
7. Endergonic reactions are:
A. Always spontaneous
B. Always exothermic
C. Reactions that require input of energy (e.g., ATP)
D. Reactions that produce ATP directly
Answer: C. Rationale: Endergonic processes (anabolism) need energy input to proceed.
8. Which of the following is NOT one of the four primary purposes for synthesizing new
organic compounds in the body?
A. Structural maintenance and repair
B. Growth support
C. Nutrient reserve storage
D. Producing only volatile waste gases
Answer: D. Rationale: The four purposes include maintenance/repair, growth, signaling
, ESTUDYR
molecule production (e.g., neurotransmitters such as serotonin), and storage — not
producing waste gases.
9. Enzymes are:
A. Inorganic catalysts made of metal only
B. Proteins that catalyze reactions (biological catalysts)
C. Always consumed in the reaction they catalyze
D. Lipid molecules that store energy
Answer: B. Rationale: Most enzymes are proteins (some RNA catalysts exist) that lower
activation energy without being consumed.
10. Which statement about enzymes is correct?
A. Enzymes increase the activation energy required for reactions
B. Enzymes reduce the activation energy and increase reaction rate; activity generally
rises with temperature up to an optimum, then falls
C. Enzymes permanently alter substrate molecules chemically in a way that cannot be
repeated
D. Enzyme activity is independent of pH and temperature
Answer: B. Rationale: Enzymes speed reactions by lowering activation energy; activity is
temperature- and pH-sensitive.
11. Which of the following is an anabolic hormone?
A. Cortisol
B. Glucagon
C. Insulin
D. Epinephrine
Answer: C. Rationale: Insulin promotes uptake and storage of nutrients (glycogen, fat,
protein synthesis) — an anabolic role.
12. Growth hormone (GH) primarily:
A. Lowers blood glucose dramatically
B. Stimulates growth of cells and tissues
C. Acts only as a catabolic hormone
