AP European History Exam ACTUAL
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
Benvenuto Cellini - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Goldsmith & sculptor who wrote an
autobiography, famous for its arrogance and immodest self-praise.
Condottiere - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Mercenary soldier of a political ruler.
Humanism - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Recovery and study of classical authors & writings.
Individualism - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Emphasis on the unique & creative personally
(personality?).
New Monarchs - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Term applied to Louis XI of France, Henry VII
of England, and Ferdinand & Isabella of Spain, who strengthened their monarchical authority
often by Machiavellian means.
Rationalism - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Application and use of reason in understanding and
explaining events.
Renaissance - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- The period from 1400 to 1600 that witnessed a
transformation of cultural and intellectual values from primarily Christian to classical or
secular ones.
Secularism - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Emphasis on the here and now rather than on the
spiritual and otherworldly.
Lorenzo Valla - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- (1407-1457) Humanist who used historical
criticism to discredit an eighth-century document giving the papacy jurisdiction over Western
lands.
Virtu - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Striving for personal excellence.
,Baroque - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- The sensuous and dynamic style of art of the Counter
Reformation.
Brethren of the Common Life - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Pious laypeople in sixteenth-
century Holland who initiated a religious revival in their model of Christian living.
John Calvin - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- (1509-1564) French theologian who established a
theocracy in Geneva and is best known for his theory of predestination.
Charles V - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- (1519-1556) Hapsburg dynastic ruler of the Holy
Roman Empire and of extensive territories in Spain and the Netherlands.
Council of Trent - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- The congress of learned Roman Catholic
authorities that met intermittently from 1545 to 1563 to reform abusive church practices and
reconcile with the Protestants.
Index - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- A list of books that Catholics were forbidden to read.
Indulgence - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Papal pardon for remission of sins.
Inquisition - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Religious committee of six Roman cardinals that
tried heretics and punished the guilty by imprisonment and execution.
Jesuits - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- (Society of Jesus) Founded by Ignatius Loyola (1491-
1556) as a teaching and missionary order to resist the spread of Protestantism.
John Knox - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- (1505-1572) Calvinist leader in sixteenth-century
Scotland.
Martin Luther - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- (1483-1546) German theologian who challenged
the church's practice of selling indulgences, a challenge that ultimately led to the destruction
of the Roman Catholic world.
,Sir Thomas More - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- (1478-1535) Renaissance humanist and
chancellor of England. Executed by Henry VIII for his unwillingness to publicly recognize
his king as Supreme Head of the church and clergy of England.
Nepotism - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Practice of rewarding relatives with church positions.
Peace of Augsburg - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- (1555) Document in which Charles V
recognized Lutheranism as a legal religion in the Holy Roman Empire. The faith of the prince
determined the religion of his subjects.
Pluralism - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- The holding of several benefices (church offices).
Simony - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Selling of church offices
Theocracy - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- A community, such as Calvin's Geneva, in which the
state is subordinate to the church.
Usury - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Practice of lending money for interest.
Gustavus Adolphus - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- (1594-1632) Swedish Lutheran who won
victories for the German Protestants in the Thirty Years War and lost his life in one of the
battles.
Duke of Alva - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- (1508-1582) Military leader sent by Phillip to
pacify the Low Countries.
Armada - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- (1588) Spanish vessels defeated in the English Channel
by an English fleet, thus preventing Philip II's invasion of England.
Vasco de Balboa - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- First European to reach the Pacific Ocean
(1513).
, Catherine de Medici - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- (1547-1589) The wife of Henry II (1547-
1559) of France, who exercised political influence after the death of her husband and during
the rule of her weak sons.
Christopher Columbus - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- First European to sail to the West Indies
(1492).
Concordat of Bologna - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- (1516) Treaty under which the French
Crown recognized the supremacy of the pope over a council and obtained the right to appoint
all French bishops and abbots.
Fernando Cortez - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Conqueror of the Aztecs (1519-1521).
Defenestration of Prague - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- The hurling, by Protestants, of
Catholic officials from a castle window in Prague, setting off the Thirty Years' War.
Bartholomew Diaz - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- First European to reach the southern tip of
Africa (1487-1488).
Dutch East India Company - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Government-chartered joint-stock
company that controlled the spice trade in the East Indies.
Edict of Nantes - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- (1598) The edict of Henry IV that granted
Huguenots the rights of public worship and religious toleration in France.
Elizabeth I - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- (1558-1603) Protestant ruler of England who helped
stabilize religious tensions by subordinating theological issues to political considerations.
Prince Henry the Navigator - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Sponser of voyages along West
African coasts (1418).
Henry IV - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- (1589-1610) Formerly Henry of Navarre. Ascended
the French throne as a convert to Catholicism. Surrived St. Bartholomew Day, signed Edict of
Nantes, quoted as saying, "Paris is worth a mass."
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
Benvenuto Cellini - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Goldsmith & sculptor who wrote an
autobiography, famous for its arrogance and immodest self-praise.
Condottiere - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Mercenary soldier of a political ruler.
Humanism - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Recovery and study of classical authors & writings.
Individualism - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Emphasis on the unique & creative personally
(personality?).
New Monarchs - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Term applied to Louis XI of France, Henry VII
of England, and Ferdinand & Isabella of Spain, who strengthened their monarchical authority
often by Machiavellian means.
Rationalism - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Application and use of reason in understanding and
explaining events.
Renaissance - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- The period from 1400 to 1600 that witnessed a
transformation of cultural and intellectual values from primarily Christian to classical or
secular ones.
Secularism - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Emphasis on the here and now rather than on the
spiritual and otherworldly.
Lorenzo Valla - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- (1407-1457) Humanist who used historical
criticism to discredit an eighth-century document giving the papacy jurisdiction over Western
lands.
Virtu - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Striving for personal excellence.
,Baroque - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- The sensuous and dynamic style of art of the Counter
Reformation.
Brethren of the Common Life - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Pious laypeople in sixteenth-
century Holland who initiated a religious revival in their model of Christian living.
John Calvin - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- (1509-1564) French theologian who established a
theocracy in Geneva and is best known for his theory of predestination.
Charles V - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- (1519-1556) Hapsburg dynastic ruler of the Holy
Roman Empire and of extensive territories in Spain and the Netherlands.
Council of Trent - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- The congress of learned Roman Catholic
authorities that met intermittently from 1545 to 1563 to reform abusive church practices and
reconcile with the Protestants.
Index - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- A list of books that Catholics were forbidden to read.
Indulgence - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Papal pardon for remission of sins.
Inquisition - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Religious committee of six Roman cardinals that
tried heretics and punished the guilty by imprisonment and execution.
Jesuits - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- (Society of Jesus) Founded by Ignatius Loyola (1491-
1556) as a teaching and missionary order to resist the spread of Protestantism.
John Knox - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- (1505-1572) Calvinist leader in sixteenth-century
Scotland.
Martin Luther - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- (1483-1546) German theologian who challenged
the church's practice of selling indulgences, a challenge that ultimately led to the destruction
of the Roman Catholic world.
,Sir Thomas More - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- (1478-1535) Renaissance humanist and
chancellor of England. Executed by Henry VIII for his unwillingness to publicly recognize
his king as Supreme Head of the church and clergy of England.
Nepotism - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Practice of rewarding relatives with church positions.
Peace of Augsburg - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- (1555) Document in which Charles V
recognized Lutheranism as a legal religion in the Holy Roman Empire. The faith of the prince
determined the religion of his subjects.
Pluralism - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- The holding of several benefices (church offices).
Simony - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Selling of church offices
Theocracy - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- A community, such as Calvin's Geneva, in which the
state is subordinate to the church.
Usury - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Practice of lending money for interest.
Gustavus Adolphus - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- (1594-1632) Swedish Lutheran who won
victories for the German Protestants in the Thirty Years War and lost his life in one of the
battles.
Duke of Alva - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- (1508-1582) Military leader sent by Phillip to
pacify the Low Countries.
Armada - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- (1588) Spanish vessels defeated in the English Channel
by an English fleet, thus preventing Philip II's invasion of England.
Vasco de Balboa - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- First European to reach the Pacific Ocean
(1513).
, Catherine de Medici - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- (1547-1589) The wife of Henry II (1547-
1559) of France, who exercised political influence after the death of her husband and during
the rule of her weak sons.
Christopher Columbus - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- First European to sail to the West Indies
(1492).
Concordat of Bologna - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- (1516) Treaty under which the French
Crown recognized the supremacy of the pope over a council and obtained the right to appoint
all French bishops and abbots.
Fernando Cortez - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Conqueror of the Aztecs (1519-1521).
Defenestration of Prague - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- The hurling, by Protestants, of
Catholic officials from a castle window in Prague, setting off the Thirty Years' War.
Bartholomew Diaz - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- First European to reach the southern tip of
Africa (1487-1488).
Dutch East India Company - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Government-chartered joint-stock
company that controlled the spice trade in the East Indies.
Edict of Nantes - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- (1598) The edict of Henry IV that granted
Huguenots the rights of public worship and religious toleration in France.
Elizabeth I - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- (1558-1603) Protestant ruler of England who helped
stabilize religious tensions by subordinating theological issues to political considerations.
Prince Henry the Navigator - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Sponser of voyages along West
African coasts (1418).
Henry IV - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- (1589-1610) Formerly Henry of Navarre. Ascended
the French throne as a convert to Catholicism. Surrived St. Bartholomew Day, signed Edict of
Nantes, quoted as saying, "Paris is worth a mass."
