Week 4 phil347 Exam Questions with solutions
Based on what you have read in the text, the lecture, and any other
sources you find helpful to your understanding of deductive arguments,
explain the structure of a deductive argument in your own words. - -Deductive arguments
are structured in a way that if the premises that are stated in the argument is true , then the
conclusion will be true
IF the premises are true and IF the reasoning is such that there is only one possible
conclusion THEN the argumentis deductive
-Go to the box "Deductive Reasoning" (in the beginning of Chapter 8).
Read the last paragraph there. Based on that reading and any other
sources you find helpful to your understanding, describe the part that
"rules, operating conditions, core beliefs, values, policies, principles,
procedures, and terminology" (p. 159) play in deductive arguments - -The rules, operating
conditions, core beliefs , values , policies ,
principles, procedures and terminology all make it so there is no room for uncertainty
because with these in a deductive argument, they will control the outcome. Meaning it is
not possible for the deductive argument to fail the test of logical strength.
These premises will control the outcome of the argument
-In the introduction to Chapter 8, the text sets forth a specific definition
of the term "valid" as it applies to deductive arguments. What is that
definition? - -Valid means a deductive argument is in proper form. "Valid" applies only to
the structure of the deductive argument. This means that the premises, if true, entail the
conclusion. It is impossible that all the premises are true and the conclusion is false
-Use the following template to create a valid Denying the Consequent
argument example:
If_________________ then _______________
It is not the case that ______________________
Therefore, it is not the case that ______ - -The complete statement; "If you pass the test, then
you'll get an A for the course. It is not the case that you got an A for this course. Therefore it
is not the case that you passed the test." This is further explained below.
-Use the following template to create a valid Affirming the Antecedent
argument example:
If_______________ then____________
________________________________
Therefore _____________________ - -If the card does not have money on it (A), then the card will
decline(B)
the card does not have money on it(A). Therefore, the card declined(B)
-Jack says: "I can enroll full time this semester, or I can buy a car. I think
, going to school full time is the better option for me, so I'll have to put of
buying car." What name does the text give to this argument structure? - -the argument
structure that is represented here is
disjunctive syllogism because it is an either/or statement.
-In addition to if/then and either/or, there are other terms that, when used correctly, can
create valid argument templates. Using the three deductive statements below, create five
(5) valid deductive arguments. To make your life easier, you can use the key words at the
end of the statement to fill in the template - -Either A, B, or C. Not C. So, A or B.
Either tuition increases, I graduate in two years, or I access unlimited cash. I will not
unlimited
cash. So, tuition will increase or I will graduate in two years.
It is not the case that both A and B are true. So, either A is not true or B is not true. It is not
the case that both tuition increasing and me graduating in two years are true. So, either
tuition will increase is not true or me graduating in two years is not true.
Neither B nor C is true. So, B is false.
Neither me graduating two years nor accessing unlimited cash is true. So, me graduating in
two years is false.
B unless C. Not B. So, C.
I will not graduate in two years unless I access unlimited cash. I will not graduate in two
years. So, I will not access unlimited cash.
A only if B. A. Therefore, B.
Tuition will increase only if do not graduate in two years. Tuition will increase. Therefore, I
will not graduate in two years
-Transivity, reflexivity, and identity refer to what kind of reasoning? - -They refer to
methods of deductive reasoning about relationships which is ultimately valid reasoning.
-Using what you learned in Chapter 8 section Applying a Generalization,
construct an argument proving that your Chamberlain major will place
you in the category of healthcare worker - -All A are B. C is A. Therefore, C is B. All who
pass the NCLEX qualify as nursesJane passed the NCLEXJane qualifies as a nurse
-A local newspaper serving a mid-sized U.S. city whose population is
about 300,000 surveyed 40 retail businesses. Of the businesses
surveyed, 70% said they were planning little or no hiring of extra
workers during the coming Christmas season. The newspaper concluded
that consumer spending would likely be down for Christmas this year,
since retailers were not anticipating extra holiday business. Evaluate the
newspaper's generalization about consumer holiday spending using
what you have learned in Chapter 9, including the four questions
suggested by the text:
Based on what you have read in the text, the lecture, and any other
sources you find helpful to your understanding of deductive arguments,
explain the structure of a deductive argument in your own words. - -Deductive arguments
are structured in a way that if the premises that are stated in the argument is true , then the
conclusion will be true
IF the premises are true and IF the reasoning is such that there is only one possible
conclusion THEN the argumentis deductive
-Go to the box "Deductive Reasoning" (in the beginning of Chapter 8).
Read the last paragraph there. Based on that reading and any other
sources you find helpful to your understanding, describe the part that
"rules, operating conditions, core beliefs, values, policies, principles,
procedures, and terminology" (p. 159) play in deductive arguments - -The rules, operating
conditions, core beliefs , values , policies ,
principles, procedures and terminology all make it so there is no room for uncertainty
because with these in a deductive argument, they will control the outcome. Meaning it is
not possible for the deductive argument to fail the test of logical strength.
These premises will control the outcome of the argument
-In the introduction to Chapter 8, the text sets forth a specific definition
of the term "valid" as it applies to deductive arguments. What is that
definition? - -Valid means a deductive argument is in proper form. "Valid" applies only to
the structure of the deductive argument. This means that the premises, if true, entail the
conclusion. It is impossible that all the premises are true and the conclusion is false
-Use the following template to create a valid Denying the Consequent
argument example:
If_________________ then _______________
It is not the case that ______________________
Therefore, it is not the case that ______ - -The complete statement; "If you pass the test, then
you'll get an A for the course. It is not the case that you got an A for this course. Therefore it
is not the case that you passed the test." This is further explained below.
-Use the following template to create a valid Affirming the Antecedent
argument example:
If_______________ then____________
________________________________
Therefore _____________________ - -If the card does not have money on it (A), then the card will
decline(B)
the card does not have money on it(A). Therefore, the card declined(B)
-Jack says: "I can enroll full time this semester, or I can buy a car. I think
, going to school full time is the better option for me, so I'll have to put of
buying car." What name does the text give to this argument structure? - -the argument
structure that is represented here is
disjunctive syllogism because it is an either/or statement.
-In addition to if/then and either/or, there are other terms that, when used correctly, can
create valid argument templates. Using the three deductive statements below, create five
(5) valid deductive arguments. To make your life easier, you can use the key words at the
end of the statement to fill in the template - -Either A, B, or C. Not C. So, A or B.
Either tuition increases, I graduate in two years, or I access unlimited cash. I will not
unlimited
cash. So, tuition will increase or I will graduate in two years.
It is not the case that both A and B are true. So, either A is not true or B is not true. It is not
the case that both tuition increasing and me graduating in two years are true. So, either
tuition will increase is not true or me graduating in two years is not true.
Neither B nor C is true. So, B is false.
Neither me graduating two years nor accessing unlimited cash is true. So, me graduating in
two years is false.
B unless C. Not B. So, C.
I will not graduate in two years unless I access unlimited cash. I will not graduate in two
years. So, I will not access unlimited cash.
A only if B. A. Therefore, B.
Tuition will increase only if do not graduate in two years. Tuition will increase. Therefore, I
will not graduate in two years
-Transivity, reflexivity, and identity refer to what kind of reasoning? - -They refer to
methods of deductive reasoning about relationships which is ultimately valid reasoning.
-Using what you learned in Chapter 8 section Applying a Generalization,
construct an argument proving that your Chamberlain major will place
you in the category of healthcare worker - -All A are B. C is A. Therefore, C is B. All who
pass the NCLEX qualify as nursesJane passed the NCLEXJane qualifies as a nurse
-A local newspaper serving a mid-sized U.S. city whose population is
about 300,000 surveyed 40 retail businesses. Of the businesses
surveyed, 70% said they were planning little or no hiring of extra
workers during the coming Christmas season. The newspaper concluded
that consumer spending would likely be down for Christmas this year,
since retailers were not anticipating extra holiday business. Evaluate the
newspaper's generalization about consumer holiday spending using
what you have learned in Chapter 9, including the four questions
suggested by the text:
