KNES 213 MIDTERM
1. What were some key differences that came out of the study
between drib-
bling a basketball and skipping a rope?: 1. Skipping: slower, less variation in
data, more uniform (There were only 2 answers), "skip" was not defined so someone counted number
of jumps, female, had electronic counter
2. Dribbling basketball: faster, more variation in data (12 different answers), male, no tracker was
used so just an
ASSUMPTION that 29 dribbles were made, no way to prove it as fact.
2. What is the difference between thinking and critical thinking?
What is the danger of not having total anonymity for participants?:
Thinking: attitudes, knowledge, skills
Critical thinking: STRUCTURED and SYSTEMATIC attempt to understand and evaluate arguments
and questions Sometimes when not anonymous, participants will not tell the truth if there is a chance
it will harm them (power plays, employer-employee)
3. What is research and what are 3 reasons for the importance of
research?: - Research: SYSTEMATIC inquiry, INVESTIGATES hypotheses, suggests new
INTERPRETATIONS of data/texts, attempts to VERIFY existing knowledge and poses NEW
QUESTIONS for further research to inquire.
,1. knowledge is made available through research and publications
2. scientific basis allows for process
3. must understand research process to comprehend new research
4. What are the 3 goals of scientific research? If a phenomenon
really exists, it must be what 3 things?: Goals of scientific research:
1. describe whats happening
2. explain why it happened
3. predict future behavior
If a phenomenon exists, it must be:
1. observable
2. measurable
3. repeatable
5. What are 5 characteristics of research?: 1. SYSTEMATIC: plan, identify,
design, collect data, evaluate
2. LOGICAL: examine procedures to evaluate conclusions
3. EMPIRICAL: decisions based on data
4. REDUCTIVE: general relationships are established from data
5. REPLICABLE: actions are accurately recorded
6. What are 3 types of research (Goals and approaches)?: 1. Basic
(bench) research: goal is theory driven, approach is through the laboratory
2. Applied (lab/clinical) research: goal is theory based using relevant movements, approach is
through a real-world setting
3. Population health research: goal is to determine what affects health and how can it be improved
,7. What are the 5 steps in the scientific method of problem
solving?: 1. develop the problem
2. formulate the hypothesis
3. gather data
4. analyze and interpret results
5. report the results
8. What are 2 assumptions in research and how do they lead to
rational solu- tions?: 1. nature is orderly/regular, events are to some extent consistent and
predictable
2. events/conditions are not random, causes can be discovered.
These allow us to direct scientific inquiry towards cause/effect relationships so we can discover
rational solutions
9. What are the 6 parts of research papers?: 1. Title: states independent
variable, dependent variable, population
2. Abstract: concise summary of the paper
3. Intro and literature review
4. Methodology: sample, tools, procedure, type of analysis
5. Results
6. Discussion and conclusion
10. What are the 2 perspectives through which we must
understand research? What is the difference between deductive
and inductive research?: 1. perspective of the researchers
2. perspectives of the participant
, + context of the research
Deductive: starts with a theory and does research to FIND evidence for this theory
Inductive: a series of observations leads to COMING UP with a theory.
1. What were some key differences that came out of the study
between drib-
bling a basketball and skipping a rope?: 1. Skipping: slower, less variation in
data, more uniform (There were only 2 answers), "skip" was not defined so someone counted number
of jumps, female, had electronic counter
2. Dribbling basketball: faster, more variation in data (12 different answers), male, no tracker was
used so just an
ASSUMPTION that 29 dribbles were made, no way to prove it as fact.
2. What is the difference between thinking and critical thinking?
What is the danger of not having total anonymity for participants?:
Thinking: attitudes, knowledge, skills
Critical thinking: STRUCTURED and SYSTEMATIC attempt to understand and evaluate arguments
and questions Sometimes when not anonymous, participants will not tell the truth if there is a chance
it will harm them (power plays, employer-employee)
3. What is research and what are 3 reasons for the importance of
research?: - Research: SYSTEMATIC inquiry, INVESTIGATES hypotheses, suggests new
INTERPRETATIONS of data/texts, attempts to VERIFY existing knowledge and poses NEW
QUESTIONS for further research to inquire.
,1. knowledge is made available through research and publications
2. scientific basis allows for process
3. must understand research process to comprehend new research
4. What are the 3 goals of scientific research? If a phenomenon
really exists, it must be what 3 things?: Goals of scientific research:
1. describe whats happening
2. explain why it happened
3. predict future behavior
If a phenomenon exists, it must be:
1. observable
2. measurable
3. repeatable
5. What are 5 characteristics of research?: 1. SYSTEMATIC: plan, identify,
design, collect data, evaluate
2. LOGICAL: examine procedures to evaluate conclusions
3. EMPIRICAL: decisions based on data
4. REDUCTIVE: general relationships are established from data
5. REPLICABLE: actions are accurately recorded
6. What are 3 types of research (Goals and approaches)?: 1. Basic
(bench) research: goal is theory driven, approach is through the laboratory
2. Applied (lab/clinical) research: goal is theory based using relevant movements, approach is
through a real-world setting
3. Population health research: goal is to determine what affects health and how can it be improved
,7. What are the 5 steps in the scientific method of problem
solving?: 1. develop the problem
2. formulate the hypothesis
3. gather data
4. analyze and interpret results
5. report the results
8. What are 2 assumptions in research and how do they lead to
rational solu- tions?: 1. nature is orderly/regular, events are to some extent consistent and
predictable
2. events/conditions are not random, causes can be discovered.
These allow us to direct scientific inquiry towards cause/effect relationships so we can discover
rational solutions
9. What are the 6 parts of research papers?: 1. Title: states independent
variable, dependent variable, population
2. Abstract: concise summary of the paper
3. Intro and literature review
4. Methodology: sample, tools, procedure, type of analysis
5. Results
6. Discussion and conclusion
10. What are the 2 perspectives through which we must
understand research? What is the difference between deductive
and inductive research?: 1. perspective of the researchers
2. perspectives of the participant
, + context of the research
Deductive: starts with a theory and does research to FIND evidence for this theory
Inductive: a series of observations leads to COMING UP with a theory.
