Summary Unit 3 AP Biology

enzymes
Metabolismallthechemicalreactionsin an organism
MetabolicPathway aseriesof chemical reactionsthathaveeitherbuid or breakdow
complex molecules
catabolic releaseenergybybreakingdown complexmolecules
Anabolic requireenergytobuild complicated molecules
Tergonic reactions reactionsthat releaseenergy spontaneous cellularrespiration
Endergonicreactions reactions that absorbenergy notspontaneous photosynthesis
denosine Triphosphate ATP moleculethatorganisms useasa source ofenergy
Phosphorylation releasedphosphate ofATPmovesto anothermolecule provides energ

ofATP ADPcanbe regenerated to ATP
Regeneration
ATP H2O
Enzymes macromolecules thatcatalyzechemical reactions
byloweringtheactivation energy energy
induced Fit enzymeswillchange app p
ft
shapeoftheiractivesiteto allowthe
substratetobindbetter
optimal conditions conditions temp PH allowingenzymesto
function optimally

Cofactors nonproteinmolecules thatassistfunction metals
Haloenzyme enzymewithcofactorattached
Coenzymes Organic cofactors vitamins

competitiveinhibitors reduce enzyme activity
byblockingsubstratesfrom binding
totheactive site
reversible with increasedsubstrateconcentration
Noncompetitiveinhibitors bindtoallostericsite changesshapeoftheactive site
andprevents substratesfrombinding
AllostericRegulation moleculesbind to anallostericsite changingshape function
oftheactivesite
AllostericActivator substratebindsto allostericsite and activates the enzymeby
changingtheshapesothattheactivesiteisopen
AllostericInhibitor substrate bindstoallosteric site andchangesshape so that
activesites are closed
Cooperativity substrate binds to oneactivesite on enzyme w more than one
which stabilizestheactiveform
seedbackinhibition sometimesend
product of a metabolic
pathway canactasan inhibitor to anearlierenzyme