PTA FSBPT (From Scorebuilders Giles Book: Questions
With Verified Solutions
ATP- PC Sytem Right Ans - this energy system is used for atp production
during High intensity short duration exercise. Phosphocreatine decompeses
and releases a large amount of energy to construct ATP
How long does the ATP PC system provide energy for muscle contraction?
Right Ans - 15 seconds
Phosphagen system represents most available source of ATP for muscle why?
Right Ans - 1. it does not depend on a long series of chemical reactions
2. it does not depend on transporting the oxygen we breathe to the working
muscles
3. both ATP and PC are stored directly within the contractile mechanisms of
the muscle
Kinesiology: What is Anatomical Position? Right Ans - Anatomical position
is an erect posture of the body with the face forward feet pointing forward
and slightly apart, arms at the side and palms forward with fingers and thums
in extension. this is a point of reference including for the cardinal planes and
associated axes
Planes of the Body? Right Ans - 3 Cardinal Planes: Frontal, sagittal,
transverse. Occur in 3 corresponding axes: anterior posterior, medial lateral,
veritcal
Anaerobic Glycolysis? Right Ans - An energy system which is a major
supplier of ATP during High Intensity workouts, short duration activities such
as sprinting. Stored glycogen is split into glucose and through glycolysis split
again into pyruvic acid. this energy is released to form ATP. This process
results in the formations of lactic acid which causes muscle fatigue
Anaerobic Glycolysis vs ATP-PC systems Right Ans - Anerobic is 50%
slower than the phosphocreatine system. and can provide a person with 30 to
40 seconds of muscle contraction. this is because
1.it does not require the presence of oxygen
2. it only uses carbohydrates ( glycogen and glucose)
,3. it releases enough energy for the resyntheses of only small amounts of ATP
Aerobic Metabolism Right Ans - used predominantly during low intensity
long duration exercise such as a marathon
this system provides energy though oxidation of food: combination of fatty
acids amino acids and glucose with oxygen releases energy that forms ATP
Frontal plane or Coronal Right Ans - Divides body into anterior and
posterior sections. Motions in the plane such as abduction and adduction
occur around an anterior posterior axis
Sagittal plane Right Ans - This plane divides body into right and left
sections. Motions in this plane such as flexion extension occur aorund a
medial lateral axis
Transverse Plane Right Ans - The Transverse plane divides the body into
upper and lower sections. Motions in this plane are medial and lateral rotation
which occur around a vertical axis.
Fibrous joints are composed of? Right Ans - Are composed of bones that
are united by fibrous tissue and are nonsynovial. Movement is minimal to
none permitted at the joint dependent on the length of the fibers uniting the
bone.
Suture? Right Ans - Union of two bones by a ligament or membrane
immovable joint
eventual fusion is termed synostosis
E,G: sagittal suture of the skull
Syndesmosis Right Ans - E, g, Tibia and fibula with interosseous membrane
Bone connected to bone by a dens fibrous membrane or cord
very little motion
Gomphosis Right Ans - E;G, Tooth in its socket
Two Boney sufaces connect as a peg in a hole
the teeth and corresponding sockets in the mandible/maxilla are the only
gomphosis joints in the body
,the periodontal membrane is the fibrouse componenet of the joint
Cartilaginous joints or Amphiarthroses? Right Ans - this has hyaline
cartilage or fibrocartilage that connects one bone to another: they are slightly
movable
Synchondrosis- E.g.? Right Ans - E.g. : sternum and true rib articulation
1. Hyaline cartilage
2. cartilage adjoins two ossifying centers of bone
3. provides stability during growth
4. May ossify to a synostosis once growth is completed
5. Slight motion
Symphysis? E.g? 4 components? Right Ans - E.G. pubic symphysis
1. generally located at the midline of the body
2. Two bones covered with hyaline cartilage
3. two bones connected by fibrocartilage
4. slight motion
Synovial joints or Diarthroses? Right Ans - Define: Synovial joints provide
free movement between the bones they join. 5 distinguishing characteristics:
- Joint cavity -articular cartilage -synovial membrane - synovial fluid -and
fibrous capsule.
Most complex and vulnerable to injury and are classified further by the type of
movement and shape of articulating bones
Uniaxial Joint, Motions? Right Ans - 1 motion around a single axis in one
plane of the body
-Hinge ( ginglymus) elbow joint
-Pivot (trochoid) atlantoaxial joint
Biaxial Joint, Motions? Right Ans - Movement occurs in two planes around
two axes through the convex/concave surfaces
-Condyoid- metacarpophalangeal joint of a finger
-Saddle- carpometacarpal joint of the thumb
, Multi-axial joint, motions? Right Ans - Movement occurs in three planes
and around three axes
-Plane ( gliding)- carpal joints
- Ball and socket - hip joint.
Note PG 48 & 50 for Table Labeling Actions & Movements per muscle groups.
Right Ans - Head-spine-Upper extremity-lower extremity
MUSCLE USED IN: SHOULDER EXTENSION Right Ans - LAT DORSI, POST.
DELT, TERES MAJOR
MUSCLE USED IN: SHOULDER ABDUCTION Right Ans - MIDDLE DELT,
SUPRASPINATUS
Glenoid Labrum. what does it consist of? Right Ans - It is a Fibro
Cartilaginous structure that serves to deepen the GLENOID FOSSA, and
increase the size of articular surface
The labrum consists of a dense fibrous connective tissue that is often damaged
due to recurrent shoulder instability
Joint Capsule- What are the Characteristics? Right Ans - 1.this arises from
the glenoid fossa and the glenoid labrum to blend muscles of the rotator cuff.
2.the volume of the capsule is twice as large as the humeral head
3.the capsule is renforced by the glenohumeral ligaments and the
coracohumeral ligament
Subacromial Bursa: characteristics? Right Ans - This Extends over the
supraspinatus tendon and distal muscle belly beneath the acromion and
deltoid muscle
2. the bursa facilitates movement of the deltoid muscle over the fibrous
capusle of the shoulder joint and supraspinatus tendon
3. the bursa is often involved with impingement beneath acromial arch.
With Verified Solutions
ATP- PC Sytem Right Ans - this energy system is used for atp production
during High intensity short duration exercise. Phosphocreatine decompeses
and releases a large amount of energy to construct ATP
How long does the ATP PC system provide energy for muscle contraction?
Right Ans - 15 seconds
Phosphagen system represents most available source of ATP for muscle why?
Right Ans - 1. it does not depend on a long series of chemical reactions
2. it does not depend on transporting the oxygen we breathe to the working
muscles
3. both ATP and PC are stored directly within the contractile mechanisms of
the muscle
Kinesiology: What is Anatomical Position? Right Ans - Anatomical position
is an erect posture of the body with the face forward feet pointing forward
and slightly apart, arms at the side and palms forward with fingers and thums
in extension. this is a point of reference including for the cardinal planes and
associated axes
Planes of the Body? Right Ans - 3 Cardinal Planes: Frontal, sagittal,
transverse. Occur in 3 corresponding axes: anterior posterior, medial lateral,
veritcal
Anaerobic Glycolysis? Right Ans - An energy system which is a major
supplier of ATP during High Intensity workouts, short duration activities such
as sprinting. Stored glycogen is split into glucose and through glycolysis split
again into pyruvic acid. this energy is released to form ATP. This process
results in the formations of lactic acid which causes muscle fatigue
Anaerobic Glycolysis vs ATP-PC systems Right Ans - Anerobic is 50%
slower than the phosphocreatine system. and can provide a person with 30 to
40 seconds of muscle contraction. this is because
1.it does not require the presence of oxygen
2. it only uses carbohydrates ( glycogen and glucose)
,3. it releases enough energy for the resyntheses of only small amounts of ATP
Aerobic Metabolism Right Ans - used predominantly during low intensity
long duration exercise such as a marathon
this system provides energy though oxidation of food: combination of fatty
acids amino acids and glucose with oxygen releases energy that forms ATP
Frontal plane or Coronal Right Ans - Divides body into anterior and
posterior sections. Motions in the plane such as abduction and adduction
occur around an anterior posterior axis
Sagittal plane Right Ans - This plane divides body into right and left
sections. Motions in this plane such as flexion extension occur aorund a
medial lateral axis
Transverse Plane Right Ans - The Transverse plane divides the body into
upper and lower sections. Motions in this plane are medial and lateral rotation
which occur around a vertical axis.
Fibrous joints are composed of? Right Ans - Are composed of bones that
are united by fibrous tissue and are nonsynovial. Movement is minimal to
none permitted at the joint dependent on the length of the fibers uniting the
bone.
Suture? Right Ans - Union of two bones by a ligament or membrane
immovable joint
eventual fusion is termed synostosis
E,G: sagittal suture of the skull
Syndesmosis Right Ans - E, g, Tibia and fibula with interosseous membrane
Bone connected to bone by a dens fibrous membrane or cord
very little motion
Gomphosis Right Ans - E;G, Tooth in its socket
Two Boney sufaces connect as a peg in a hole
the teeth and corresponding sockets in the mandible/maxilla are the only
gomphosis joints in the body
,the periodontal membrane is the fibrouse componenet of the joint
Cartilaginous joints or Amphiarthroses? Right Ans - this has hyaline
cartilage or fibrocartilage that connects one bone to another: they are slightly
movable
Synchondrosis- E.g.? Right Ans - E.g. : sternum and true rib articulation
1. Hyaline cartilage
2. cartilage adjoins two ossifying centers of bone
3. provides stability during growth
4. May ossify to a synostosis once growth is completed
5. Slight motion
Symphysis? E.g? 4 components? Right Ans - E.G. pubic symphysis
1. generally located at the midline of the body
2. Two bones covered with hyaline cartilage
3. two bones connected by fibrocartilage
4. slight motion
Synovial joints or Diarthroses? Right Ans - Define: Synovial joints provide
free movement between the bones they join. 5 distinguishing characteristics:
- Joint cavity -articular cartilage -synovial membrane - synovial fluid -and
fibrous capsule.
Most complex and vulnerable to injury and are classified further by the type of
movement and shape of articulating bones
Uniaxial Joint, Motions? Right Ans - 1 motion around a single axis in one
plane of the body
-Hinge ( ginglymus) elbow joint
-Pivot (trochoid) atlantoaxial joint
Biaxial Joint, Motions? Right Ans - Movement occurs in two planes around
two axes through the convex/concave surfaces
-Condyoid- metacarpophalangeal joint of a finger
-Saddle- carpometacarpal joint of the thumb
, Multi-axial joint, motions? Right Ans - Movement occurs in three planes
and around three axes
-Plane ( gliding)- carpal joints
- Ball and socket - hip joint.
Note PG 48 & 50 for Table Labeling Actions & Movements per muscle groups.
Right Ans - Head-spine-Upper extremity-lower extremity
MUSCLE USED IN: SHOULDER EXTENSION Right Ans - LAT DORSI, POST.
DELT, TERES MAJOR
MUSCLE USED IN: SHOULDER ABDUCTION Right Ans - MIDDLE DELT,
SUPRASPINATUS
Glenoid Labrum. what does it consist of? Right Ans - It is a Fibro
Cartilaginous structure that serves to deepen the GLENOID FOSSA, and
increase the size of articular surface
The labrum consists of a dense fibrous connective tissue that is often damaged
due to recurrent shoulder instability
Joint Capsule- What are the Characteristics? Right Ans - 1.this arises from
the glenoid fossa and the glenoid labrum to blend muscles of the rotator cuff.
2.the volume of the capsule is twice as large as the humeral head
3.the capsule is renforced by the glenohumeral ligaments and the
coracohumeral ligament
Subacromial Bursa: characteristics? Right Ans - This Extends over the
supraspinatus tendon and distal muscle belly beneath the acromion and
deltoid muscle
2. the bursa facilitates movement of the deltoid muscle over the fibrous
capusle of the shoulder joint and supraspinatus tendon
3. the bursa is often involved with impingement beneath acromial arch.
