Question 1:
Which of the following is the primary action of beta-blockers in treating
hypertension?
A) Increase heart rate
B) Decrease blood pressure by dilating blood vessels
C) Decrease heart rate and reduce myocardial contractility
D) Increase blood pressure by constricting blood vessels
Answer: C) Decrease heart rate and reduce myocardial contractility
Rationale: Beta-blockers block the beta-adrenergic receptors in the heart, which
reduces heart rate, myocardial contractility, and consequently, blood pressure.
This makes them effective in treating hypertension and other cardiovascular
conditions.
Question 2:
A patient taking warfarin (Coumadin) is instructed to avoid eating large amounts
of leafy green vegetables. Which of the following is the rationale for this
instruction?
A) Leafy green vegetables interfere with the absorption of warfarin.
B) Leafy green vegetables are high in vitamin K, which can decrease the
effectiveness of warfarin.
C) Leafy green vegetables increase the risk of bleeding.
D) Leafy green vegetables increase the metabolism of warfarin.
Answer: B) Leafy green vegetables are high in vitamin K, which can decrease the
effectiveness of warfarin.
Rationale: Vitamin K is essential for the synthesis of clotting factors. Large
amounts of vitamin K can interfere with the anticoagulant effect of warfarin,
making it less effective in preventing blood clots.
Question 3:
,Which of the following side effects is commonly associated with the use of ACE
inhibitors?
A) Hyperkalemia
B) Hypokalemia
C) Tachycardia
D) Insomnia
Answer: A) Hyperkalemia
Rationale: ACE inhibitors can cause hyperkalemia (high potassium levels) by
inhibiting aldosterone secretion, which normally helps the kidneys excrete
potassium. This can lead to potassium retention in the body.
Question 4:
A patient with asthma is prescribed albuterol. Which of the following is the most
important nursing consideration when administering this medication?
A) Monitor for signs of respiratory depression.
B) Advise the patient to limit fluid intake.
C) Monitor for signs of tachycardia.
D) Ensure that the patient remains on bed rest for at least an hour after
administration.
Answer: C) Monitor for signs of tachycardia.
Rationale: Albuterol is a beta-agonist bronchodilator, which can stimulate the
heart and cause tachycardia. Monitoring the heart rate is essential when using this
medication to avoid excessive cardiovascular stimulation.
Question 5:
Which of the following medications should be avoided by a patient with a
history of peptic ulcers?
A) Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
B) Ibuprofen (Advil)
, C) Gabapentin (Neurontin)
D) Metformin (Glucophage)
Answer: B) Ibuprofen (Advil)
Rationale: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen can
irritate the gastrointestinal lining, potentially exacerbating peptic ulcers and
leading to further complications such as bleeding or perforation.
Question 6:
A nurse is teaching a patient about taking digoxin (Lanoxin). Which of the
following statements by the patient indicates understanding of the teaching?
A) "I should take my pulse before each dose. If it’s over 100 beats per minute, I
will skip the dose."
B) "I should take the medication with food to increase absorption."
C) "I should monitor for symptoms of digoxin toxicity, such as nausea and visual
disturbances."
D) "I need to double the dose if I miss one dose."
Answer: C) "I should monitor for symptoms of digoxin toxicity, such as nausea and
visual disturbances."
Rationale: Digoxin toxicity can present with symptoms like nausea, vomiting, and
visual disturbances (e.g., yellow-green halos). It is essential to monitor for these
symptoms, especially if the patient has a low potassium level or renal impairment.
Question 7:
Which of the following statements best describes the action of insulin in the
body?
A) Insulin increases blood glucose levels by promoting glucose uptake.
B) Insulin decreases blood glucose levels by stimulating the liver to release
glucose.
C) Insulin decreases blood glucose levels by promoting glucose uptake into cells.
D) Insulin increases blood glucose levels by inhibiting glycogen formation.
Which of the following is the primary action of beta-blockers in treating
hypertension?
A) Increase heart rate
B) Decrease blood pressure by dilating blood vessels
C) Decrease heart rate and reduce myocardial contractility
D) Increase blood pressure by constricting blood vessels
Answer: C) Decrease heart rate and reduce myocardial contractility
Rationale: Beta-blockers block the beta-adrenergic receptors in the heart, which
reduces heart rate, myocardial contractility, and consequently, blood pressure.
This makes them effective in treating hypertension and other cardiovascular
conditions.
Question 2:
A patient taking warfarin (Coumadin) is instructed to avoid eating large amounts
of leafy green vegetables. Which of the following is the rationale for this
instruction?
A) Leafy green vegetables interfere with the absorption of warfarin.
B) Leafy green vegetables are high in vitamin K, which can decrease the
effectiveness of warfarin.
C) Leafy green vegetables increase the risk of bleeding.
D) Leafy green vegetables increase the metabolism of warfarin.
Answer: B) Leafy green vegetables are high in vitamin K, which can decrease the
effectiveness of warfarin.
Rationale: Vitamin K is essential for the synthesis of clotting factors. Large
amounts of vitamin K can interfere with the anticoagulant effect of warfarin,
making it less effective in preventing blood clots.
Question 3:
,Which of the following side effects is commonly associated with the use of ACE
inhibitors?
A) Hyperkalemia
B) Hypokalemia
C) Tachycardia
D) Insomnia
Answer: A) Hyperkalemia
Rationale: ACE inhibitors can cause hyperkalemia (high potassium levels) by
inhibiting aldosterone secretion, which normally helps the kidneys excrete
potassium. This can lead to potassium retention in the body.
Question 4:
A patient with asthma is prescribed albuterol. Which of the following is the most
important nursing consideration when administering this medication?
A) Monitor for signs of respiratory depression.
B) Advise the patient to limit fluid intake.
C) Monitor for signs of tachycardia.
D) Ensure that the patient remains on bed rest for at least an hour after
administration.
Answer: C) Monitor for signs of tachycardia.
Rationale: Albuterol is a beta-agonist bronchodilator, which can stimulate the
heart and cause tachycardia. Monitoring the heart rate is essential when using this
medication to avoid excessive cardiovascular stimulation.
Question 5:
Which of the following medications should be avoided by a patient with a
history of peptic ulcers?
A) Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
B) Ibuprofen (Advil)
, C) Gabapentin (Neurontin)
D) Metformin (Glucophage)
Answer: B) Ibuprofen (Advil)
Rationale: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen can
irritate the gastrointestinal lining, potentially exacerbating peptic ulcers and
leading to further complications such as bleeding or perforation.
Question 6:
A nurse is teaching a patient about taking digoxin (Lanoxin). Which of the
following statements by the patient indicates understanding of the teaching?
A) "I should take my pulse before each dose. If it’s over 100 beats per minute, I
will skip the dose."
B) "I should take the medication with food to increase absorption."
C) "I should monitor for symptoms of digoxin toxicity, such as nausea and visual
disturbances."
D) "I need to double the dose if I miss one dose."
Answer: C) "I should monitor for symptoms of digoxin toxicity, such as nausea and
visual disturbances."
Rationale: Digoxin toxicity can present with symptoms like nausea, vomiting, and
visual disturbances (e.g., yellow-green halos). It is essential to monitor for these
symptoms, especially if the patient has a low potassium level or renal impairment.
Question 7:
Which of the following statements best describes the action of insulin in the
body?
A) Insulin increases blood glucose levels by promoting glucose uptake.
B) Insulin decreases blood glucose levels by stimulating the liver to release
glucose.
C) Insulin decreases blood glucose levels by promoting glucose uptake into cells.
D) Insulin increases blood glucose levels by inhibiting glycogen formation.
