psych 321 - exam 1 questions with correct answers
The Scientific Method is one of the most important processes for
gathering reliable information about our universe, and about the way the
universe works. (a) List the steps of the Scientific Method; Correct
Answer-theory, hypothesis, research and observation
briefly explain how these steps help us acquire reliable information
Correct Answer-you use a theory to form a hypothesis, design a study to
test the hypothesis, perform research and then create/modify the theory
Spielman et al. (2017) described two key concepts of science: theories
and hypotheses. (a) How are they different Correct Answer-Theories are
sets of ideas that prose an explanation for an observed phenomena, too
big to be tested at once.
Hypothesis are testable predictions.
how do theories and hypothesis inform each other Correct Answer-
theories gives certain aspects of a hypothesis to test
Identify and describe the (five) research methods presented by the
authors Correct Answer--Naturalistic observations: to observe them in
their environment
-clinical or case studies: which focuses on one person or few individuals
-Survey research: use questionnaires
-Archival research: looks at past studies to find relationships
, -longitudinal research: data-gathering is administered repeatedly over
extended period of time
-cross-sectional research: researcher compares multiple segments of the
pop. at the same time
Correlational research is conducted by measuring two (or more)
variables, and then determining the extent of the relationship between
those variables. (a) What can a correlation coefficient tell us about the
relationship between those variables? Correct Answer-The correlation
coefficient can tell us the strength and the directions of the relationship
b/w the variable
What can a correlation not tell us about the relationship between those
variables? Correct Answer-It cannot tell us about cause-and-effect
The only way to establish that there is a cause-and-effect relationship
between two variables is to conduct a scientific experiment. The authors
identify two major things required to conduct a scientific experiment: A
hypothesis, and separate groups. (a) What is the critical characteristic -
identified by the authors - of a hypothesis used in experimental research?
Correct Answer-deductive reasoning is the critical characteristic
What is the minimum number of groups needed to conduct an
experiment? (c) How are the groups used in the experiment different;
and (d) why is this difference important? Correct Answer-You need a
minimum of 2 groups to conduct an experiment.
2 different groups are the control + experimental.
The Scientific Method is one of the most important processes for
gathering reliable information about our universe, and about the way the
universe works. (a) List the steps of the Scientific Method; Correct
Answer-theory, hypothesis, research and observation
briefly explain how these steps help us acquire reliable information
Correct Answer-you use a theory to form a hypothesis, design a study to
test the hypothesis, perform research and then create/modify the theory
Spielman et al. (2017) described two key concepts of science: theories
and hypotheses. (a) How are they different Correct Answer-Theories are
sets of ideas that prose an explanation for an observed phenomena, too
big to be tested at once.
Hypothesis are testable predictions.
how do theories and hypothesis inform each other Correct Answer-
theories gives certain aspects of a hypothesis to test
Identify and describe the (five) research methods presented by the
authors Correct Answer--Naturalistic observations: to observe them in
their environment
-clinical or case studies: which focuses on one person or few individuals
-Survey research: use questionnaires
-Archival research: looks at past studies to find relationships
, -longitudinal research: data-gathering is administered repeatedly over
extended period of time
-cross-sectional research: researcher compares multiple segments of the
pop. at the same time
Correlational research is conducted by measuring two (or more)
variables, and then determining the extent of the relationship between
those variables. (a) What can a correlation coefficient tell us about the
relationship between those variables? Correct Answer-The correlation
coefficient can tell us the strength and the directions of the relationship
b/w the variable
What can a correlation not tell us about the relationship between those
variables? Correct Answer-It cannot tell us about cause-and-effect
The only way to establish that there is a cause-and-effect relationship
between two variables is to conduct a scientific experiment. The authors
identify two major things required to conduct a scientific experiment: A
hypothesis, and separate groups. (a) What is the critical characteristic -
identified by the authors - of a hypothesis used in experimental research?
Correct Answer-deductive reasoning is the critical characteristic
What is the minimum number of groups needed to conduct an
experiment? (c) How are the groups used in the experiment different;
and (d) why is this difference important? Correct Answer-You need a
minimum of 2 groups to conduct an experiment.
2 different groups are the control + experimental.
