PHGY 210 Cardiovascular Physiology Exam
Study Guide
What is the main function of the cardiovascular system? - Answer transport of nutrients,
hormones, immune cells etc
Name 8 functions of the cardiovascular system? - Answer 1-bringing nutrients into the
body
2-bringing fuel to cells
3-removal of waste products
4-circulation of hormones
5-circulation of immune cells and antibodies
6-regulation of pH
7-water balance
8- thermoregulation
Where and does the ameoba get its o2? - Answer from the water and by process of
diffusion since the [02] outside the cell is higher than inside
What is diffusion? - Answer spontaneous movement of particles caused by random
thermal motion
How can single cardiac cells survive on diffusion? - Answer bc the distance 02 has to
travel is very small
How capillaries per myocyte? - Answer 1
How is the heart very vascularized? - Answer bc the capillaries are very close to each
heart cell, so they bring fuel and take away waste efficiently
What is Fick's Law? - Answer flow=Dx [ ] gradient x area
How can the concentration gradient be found? - Answer (cout-cin)/d
What 2 things does the diffusion coefficient depend on? - Answer 1-the substance
2-the medium thru which the substance is diffusing
Why are there 1 billion alveoli? - Answer to increase surface area to have more diffusion
What is a gradient? - Answer spacial rate of change of a variable
What is flux? - Answer flow/area
, How many times is the Dc02 bigger than D02 in water? - Answer 20x so need smaller
change in [ ] to get the same flow
Describe the processes of diffusion/convection to get 02 to the cells (4 steps) - Answer
1- 02 enters the lungs thru bulk flow/convective flow
2-02 diffuses thru the alveolus and then to the blood
3-02 is convected by blood to the tissue
4-02 diffuses from RBCS into the cell
Describe how C02 is removed - Answer 1-C02 diffuses into the blood capillary
2- Blood containing c02 is convected back to the lungs
3-C02 diffuses thru the alveolus
4-C02 is convected out by expiration
Describe the process of diffusion of 02 from the alveolus to the RBCs (3 steps) - Answer
1-02 diffuses thru the alveolar mm and ends up in the interstitial space
2-02 crosses the interstitial space and then the wall of the capillary
3-02 ends up in the blood plasma and then crosses the mm of the RBCs and binds to Hb
What is necessary for convection? - Answer pressure
What are the 3 necessary elements for the cardiovascular system? - Answer 1-
pump=heart
2- pipes=vessels
3- fluid=blood
What is unusual about the dorsal vessel of an insect? - Answer open at one end but
closed at the other
Is insect circulation an open or closed system? - Answer open
What defines an open circulation? - Answer fluid leaving the cardiovascular system
What is the fluid that is pumped around in insects? - Answer haemolypmph
Does the insect rely on heme for oxygenation? - Answer no
How does the fluid in the insect re-enter the cardiovascular system? - Answer thru 2
ostriums
What type of circulation does piscine circulation have? - Answer closed circulation
Study Guide
What is the main function of the cardiovascular system? - Answer transport of nutrients,
hormones, immune cells etc
Name 8 functions of the cardiovascular system? - Answer 1-bringing nutrients into the
body
2-bringing fuel to cells
3-removal of waste products
4-circulation of hormones
5-circulation of immune cells and antibodies
6-regulation of pH
7-water balance
8- thermoregulation
Where and does the ameoba get its o2? - Answer from the water and by process of
diffusion since the [02] outside the cell is higher than inside
What is diffusion? - Answer spontaneous movement of particles caused by random
thermal motion
How can single cardiac cells survive on diffusion? - Answer bc the distance 02 has to
travel is very small
How capillaries per myocyte? - Answer 1
How is the heart very vascularized? - Answer bc the capillaries are very close to each
heart cell, so they bring fuel and take away waste efficiently
What is Fick's Law? - Answer flow=Dx [ ] gradient x area
How can the concentration gradient be found? - Answer (cout-cin)/d
What 2 things does the diffusion coefficient depend on? - Answer 1-the substance
2-the medium thru which the substance is diffusing
Why are there 1 billion alveoli? - Answer to increase surface area to have more diffusion
What is a gradient? - Answer spacial rate of change of a variable
What is flux? - Answer flow/area
, How many times is the Dc02 bigger than D02 in water? - Answer 20x so need smaller
change in [ ] to get the same flow
Describe the processes of diffusion/convection to get 02 to the cells (4 steps) - Answer
1- 02 enters the lungs thru bulk flow/convective flow
2-02 diffuses thru the alveolus and then to the blood
3-02 is convected by blood to the tissue
4-02 diffuses from RBCS into the cell
Describe how C02 is removed - Answer 1-C02 diffuses into the blood capillary
2- Blood containing c02 is convected back to the lungs
3-C02 diffuses thru the alveolus
4-C02 is convected out by expiration
Describe the process of diffusion of 02 from the alveolus to the RBCs (3 steps) - Answer
1-02 diffuses thru the alveolar mm and ends up in the interstitial space
2-02 crosses the interstitial space and then the wall of the capillary
3-02 ends up in the blood plasma and then crosses the mm of the RBCs and binds to Hb
What is necessary for convection? - Answer pressure
What are the 3 necessary elements for the cardiovascular system? - Answer 1-
pump=heart
2- pipes=vessels
3- fluid=blood
What is unusual about the dorsal vessel of an insect? - Answer open at one end but
closed at the other
Is insect circulation an open or closed system? - Answer open
What defines an open circulation? - Answer fluid leaving the cardiovascular system
What is the fluid that is pumped around in insects? - Answer haemolypmph
Does the insect rely on heme for oxygenation? - Answer no
How does the fluid in the insect re-enter the cardiovascular system? - Answer thru 2
ostriums
What type of circulation does piscine circulation have? - Answer closed circulation
