Introduction to Community Planning

Urbanization the process of making an area more urban. Metropolitan Region combines an urban agglomeration (contiguous, built-up area) with zones not necessarily urban in character, but closely bound to the center by employment, commerce and art of the commuter range, and may extend well beyond the urban zone Eminent Domain Personal property can be taken for public use Takings Government control of private property through zoning is different from "taking", even if it imposes uncompensated losses 5th Amendment (taking clause) nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation Urban Growth Boundary (UGB) Regional boundary, set in at attempt to control urban sprawl Euclidian Zoning prevalent in most communities, allows segregation of land uses into single use zones, often exclusionary Variance Permit to not comply with a regulation, sometimes exploited and over used Existing land use Protect existing stable uses, keep out unwanted uses, identify blighted/suppressed areas for redevelopment, most areas typically remain as per-current use Future Land Use Plan Central to comprehensive plans, identifies neighborhoods for preservation, development, historic districts, impacts property values, principles, existing land use, use compatibility Density and Use Regulations The core of this densely-settled territory must have at least 1,000 people per square mile. Census blocks surrounding the core must give the overall area a density of at least 500 people per square mile Building Height , Bulk, Envelope Maximum building height, maximum number of floors, setbacks and yards, height, ground coverage Floor Area Ratio Ratio of total building floor in the area of its zoning lot, principal bulk regulation controlling the size of buildings, relationship between the lot size to the floor area of the building on the lot Transfer of Development Rights Export zones and import zones, frequently used for historic preservation and maintain open spaces Exclusionary Zoning Euclidean zoning prevalent in most communities - allows segregation of land uses into single-use zones, often exclusionary Olmstead Created parks across the nation Central Park, Prospect park, Chicago Riverside subdivision, Niagara Falls Garden City Separated from central city by greenbelt Letchworth and welwyn City Beautiful Movement Municipal "civic" art in the public realm, emphasis on grand urban landscape design Worlds Fair: Orderly and clean, aesthetic, grandiose, ambitious, vistas, symmetry, boulevards, areas in municipal domain and control Corbusier Considered father of the modernist movement Skyscrapers in parks, Protected green space, concrete apartment buildings hated everywhere Broadacre City Frank Lloyd Wright Frank Lloyd Wright 1 acre lots would have created an even bigger traffic and environmental mess if his vision was true