,A patient’s injury has initiated an immune response that involves inflammation. What are
the first cells to arrive at a site of inflammation?
A) Eosinophils
B) Red blood cells
C) Lymphocytes
D) Neutrophils
Answer: D) Neutrophils
Neutrophils are the body’s primary first responders during acute inflammation and migrate
rapidly to the injured site to begin phagocytosis.
A nurse is admitting a patient who exhibits signs and symptoms of a nutritional deficit.
Inadequate intake of what nutrient increases a patient’s susceptibility to infection?
A) Vitamin B12
B) Unsaturated fats
C) Proteins
D) Complex carbohydrates
Answer: C) Proteins
Protein deficiency impairs immune function by reducing antibody production, T-cell activity, and
phagocytic effectiveness.
A clinic nurse is caring for a patient admitted with AIDS who is experiencing a progressive
decline in cognitive, behavioral, and motor functions. The nurse recognizes these symptoms
as most likely related to which complication?
A) HIV encephalopathy
B) B-cell lymphoma
C) Kaposi’s sarcoma
,D) Wasting syndrome
Answer: A) HIV encephalopathy
This condition is characterized by gradual deterioration of cognitive, behavioral, and motor
abilities due to HIV involvement of the central nervous system.
The mother of two young children has been diagnosed with HIV and expresses fear of
dying. How should the nurse best respond?
A) “Would you like me to have the chaplain come speak with you?”
B) “You’ll learn much about the promise of a cure for HIV.”
C) “Can you tell me what concerns you most about dying?”
D) “You need to maintain hope because you may live for several years.”
Answer: C) “Can you tell me what concerns you most about dying?”
An open-ended response encourages expression of feelings and helps the nurse assess emotional
needs and provide appropriate support.
A nurse is working with a patient who was diagnosed with HIV several months earlier.
When is a patient with HIV considered to have AIDS based on CD4+ T-lymphocyte count?
A) 75 cells/mm³ of blood
B) 200 cells/mm³ of blood
C) 325 cells/mm³ of blood
D) 450 cells/mm³ of blood
Answer: B) 200 cells/mm³ of blood
A CD4+ T-cell count below 200 cells/mm³ marks severe immune suppression and meets the
diagnostic criterion for AIDS.
A patient with a family history of allergies has suffered an allergic response based on a
genetic predisposition. This atopic response is usually mediated by what immunoglobulin?
A) Immunoglobulin A
B) Immunoglobulin M
, C) Immunoglobulin G
D) Immunoglobulin E
Answer: D) Immunoglobulin E
IgE antibodies bind to mast cells and basophils, triggering histamine release during allergic
reactions.
A patient has developed severe contact dermatitis with burning, itching, cracking, and
peeling of the skin on her hands. What should the nurse teach the patient to do?
A) Wear powdered latex gloves when in public
B) Wash her hands with antibacterial soap every few hours
C) Maintain room temperature at 75°F to 80°F whenever possible
D) Keep her hands well-moisturized at all times
Answer: D) Keep her hands well-moisturized at all times
Moisturization supports skin barrier repair and reduces irritation, while frequent washing and
latex exposure can worsen symptoms.
The nurse in an allergy clinic is educating a patient about the pathophysiology of allergic
reactions. What response should the nurse describe as a possible consequence of histamine
release?
A) Constriction of small venules
B) Contraction of bronchial smooth muscle
C) Dilation of large blood vessels
D) Decreased secretions from gastric and mucosal cells
Answer: B) Contraction of bronchial smooth muscle
Histamine causes bronchoconstriction, leading to wheezing and difficulty breathing during
allergic reactions.
The nurse is providing care for a patient who has experienced a type I hypersensitivity
reaction. Which condition is an example of this type of reaction?
the first cells to arrive at a site of inflammation?
A) Eosinophils
B) Red blood cells
C) Lymphocytes
D) Neutrophils
Answer: D) Neutrophils
Neutrophils are the body’s primary first responders during acute inflammation and migrate
rapidly to the injured site to begin phagocytosis.
A nurse is admitting a patient who exhibits signs and symptoms of a nutritional deficit.
Inadequate intake of what nutrient increases a patient’s susceptibility to infection?
A) Vitamin B12
B) Unsaturated fats
C) Proteins
D) Complex carbohydrates
Answer: C) Proteins
Protein deficiency impairs immune function by reducing antibody production, T-cell activity, and
phagocytic effectiveness.
A clinic nurse is caring for a patient admitted with AIDS who is experiencing a progressive
decline in cognitive, behavioral, and motor functions. The nurse recognizes these symptoms
as most likely related to which complication?
A) HIV encephalopathy
B) B-cell lymphoma
C) Kaposi’s sarcoma
,D) Wasting syndrome
Answer: A) HIV encephalopathy
This condition is characterized by gradual deterioration of cognitive, behavioral, and motor
abilities due to HIV involvement of the central nervous system.
The mother of two young children has been diagnosed with HIV and expresses fear of
dying. How should the nurse best respond?
A) “Would you like me to have the chaplain come speak with you?”
B) “You’ll learn much about the promise of a cure for HIV.”
C) “Can you tell me what concerns you most about dying?”
D) “You need to maintain hope because you may live for several years.”
Answer: C) “Can you tell me what concerns you most about dying?”
An open-ended response encourages expression of feelings and helps the nurse assess emotional
needs and provide appropriate support.
A nurse is working with a patient who was diagnosed with HIV several months earlier.
When is a patient with HIV considered to have AIDS based on CD4+ T-lymphocyte count?
A) 75 cells/mm³ of blood
B) 200 cells/mm³ of blood
C) 325 cells/mm³ of blood
D) 450 cells/mm³ of blood
Answer: B) 200 cells/mm³ of blood
A CD4+ T-cell count below 200 cells/mm³ marks severe immune suppression and meets the
diagnostic criterion for AIDS.
A patient with a family history of allergies has suffered an allergic response based on a
genetic predisposition. This atopic response is usually mediated by what immunoglobulin?
A) Immunoglobulin A
B) Immunoglobulin M
, C) Immunoglobulin G
D) Immunoglobulin E
Answer: D) Immunoglobulin E
IgE antibodies bind to mast cells and basophils, triggering histamine release during allergic
reactions.
A patient has developed severe contact dermatitis with burning, itching, cracking, and
peeling of the skin on her hands. What should the nurse teach the patient to do?
A) Wear powdered latex gloves when in public
B) Wash her hands with antibacterial soap every few hours
C) Maintain room temperature at 75°F to 80°F whenever possible
D) Keep her hands well-moisturized at all times
Answer: D) Keep her hands well-moisturized at all times
Moisturization supports skin barrier repair and reduces irritation, while frequent washing and
latex exposure can worsen symptoms.
The nurse in an allergy clinic is educating a patient about the pathophysiology of allergic
reactions. What response should the nurse describe as a possible consequence of histamine
release?
A) Constriction of small venules
B) Contraction of bronchial smooth muscle
C) Dilation of large blood vessels
D) Decreased secretions from gastric and mucosal cells
Answer: B) Contraction of bronchial smooth muscle
Histamine causes bronchoconstriction, leading to wheezing and difficulty breathing during
allergic reactions.
The nurse is providing care for a patient who has experienced a type I hypersensitivity
reaction. Which condition is an example of this type of reaction?
