FSC100 MIDTERM REVIEW
atavists - Answer -insisted that criminals were born to commit crimes due to biological
deviance
positivists - Answer -claimed that. crime is the product of social causes
recidivism - Answer -the act of repeating an offence
Cesare Lombroso - Answer --(1835-1909)
-atavist and practicing psychiatrist
-father of modern criminology
-argued that criminals were born deviant based on the size and shape of their bodies
-visited hospitals, asylums, prisons, took measurements, collected writings and
drawings, took photographs, etc.
Alexandre Lacassagne - Answer --(1843-1924) was a positivist
-father of forensic medicine
-pointed to charts and maps and linked crime rates with geography, the behaviour of
criminals depended on their social environment
Joseph Vacher - Answer --the French Ripper
-executed in 1898 for the murders of more than 23 people
taken into custody of a failed abduction. When incarcerated, confessed to several
murders
-Lacassagne attended the trial, researched Vacher's life, interviewed him, wrote
extensively on details of the case, and provided testimony
Alphonse Bertillon - Answer --(1853-1914)
-created the first system of physical measurements combined with photography and
record keeping that police could use to define recidivist criminals
-concept of mugshots
-emphasized on creating an immediate identification system rather than understanding
the inherent morphology of criminals
-this system is referred to as signaletics (or the Bertillonage method)
-changes in measurements created issues with identifying criminals correctly
-the Bertillon system was used for over 30 Years, fingerprinting replaced this system
Edmond Locard - Answer --(1877-1966)
-criminalistics: the science of solving crime, was considered forensic science by the
1970's
Hans Gross - Answer --(1847-1915)
-Austrian professor of criminal law
-coined the term "criminalistics"
, Locard's Exchange Principle - Answer --microscopic traces are the silent witnesses in
crime
-when any two objects come into contact there is always a transference of material from
each object onto another
Evidence - Answer -anything that can give or substantiate information in a legal
investigation
Indirect Witness - Answer --did not witness the crime
-may not be aware that a crime occurred
eg. a neighbour that heard a loud crash
Direct Witness - Answer --witnessed the crime or are a victim of the crime
Associative Evidence - Answer -any evidence that places an individual at a scene
and/or with a victim
Class Evidence - Answer -evidence that requires classification into a more narrow
range
Electronic Evidence - Answer -information and data transmitted and/or stored in any
electronic device
Latent Evidence - Answer -any evidence that is not visible without the use of chemical,
photographic, or electronic development / enhancement
Trace Evidence - Answer -evidence that has to be extracted from another substance
and is in very small amounts, often invisible to the naked eye
Indicative Evidence - Answer -evidence that substantiates or proves that a certain
period of time has elapsed
Circumstantial - Answer -facts, observations, activities from which the culpability of an
individual may be inferred
LOSER - Answer -LISTEN to victims and/ or witnesses
OBSERVE the scene and surroundings- including the approach
SEARCH for potential victims, suspects, witnesses, and physical evidence
EVALUATE the scene and information obtained - does it add up?
RECORD information in a memorandum or case book
Role of the First Responder - Answer --three tiered response: police, fire department,
emergency medical services
-all scenes must be treated as criminal investigations as any incidence can have
criminal origin
atavists - Answer -insisted that criminals were born to commit crimes due to biological
deviance
positivists - Answer -claimed that. crime is the product of social causes
recidivism - Answer -the act of repeating an offence
Cesare Lombroso - Answer --(1835-1909)
-atavist and practicing psychiatrist
-father of modern criminology
-argued that criminals were born deviant based on the size and shape of their bodies
-visited hospitals, asylums, prisons, took measurements, collected writings and
drawings, took photographs, etc.
Alexandre Lacassagne - Answer --(1843-1924) was a positivist
-father of forensic medicine
-pointed to charts and maps and linked crime rates with geography, the behaviour of
criminals depended on their social environment
Joseph Vacher - Answer --the French Ripper
-executed in 1898 for the murders of more than 23 people
taken into custody of a failed abduction. When incarcerated, confessed to several
murders
-Lacassagne attended the trial, researched Vacher's life, interviewed him, wrote
extensively on details of the case, and provided testimony
Alphonse Bertillon - Answer --(1853-1914)
-created the first system of physical measurements combined with photography and
record keeping that police could use to define recidivist criminals
-concept of mugshots
-emphasized on creating an immediate identification system rather than understanding
the inherent morphology of criminals
-this system is referred to as signaletics (or the Bertillonage method)
-changes in measurements created issues with identifying criminals correctly
-the Bertillon system was used for over 30 Years, fingerprinting replaced this system
Edmond Locard - Answer --(1877-1966)
-criminalistics: the science of solving crime, was considered forensic science by the
1970's
Hans Gross - Answer --(1847-1915)
-Austrian professor of criminal law
-coined the term "criminalistics"
, Locard's Exchange Principle - Answer --microscopic traces are the silent witnesses in
crime
-when any two objects come into contact there is always a transference of material from
each object onto another
Evidence - Answer -anything that can give or substantiate information in a legal
investigation
Indirect Witness - Answer --did not witness the crime
-may not be aware that a crime occurred
eg. a neighbour that heard a loud crash
Direct Witness - Answer --witnessed the crime or are a victim of the crime
Associative Evidence - Answer -any evidence that places an individual at a scene
and/or with a victim
Class Evidence - Answer -evidence that requires classification into a more narrow
range
Electronic Evidence - Answer -information and data transmitted and/or stored in any
electronic device
Latent Evidence - Answer -any evidence that is not visible without the use of chemical,
photographic, or electronic development / enhancement
Trace Evidence - Answer -evidence that has to be extracted from another substance
and is in very small amounts, often invisible to the naked eye
Indicative Evidence - Answer -evidence that substantiates or proves that a certain
period of time has elapsed
Circumstantial - Answer -facts, observations, activities from which the culpability of an
individual may be inferred
LOSER - Answer -LISTEN to victims and/ or witnesses
OBSERVE the scene and surroundings- including the approach
SEARCH for potential victims, suspects, witnesses, and physical evidence
EVALUATE the scene and information obtained - does it add up?
RECORD information in a memorandum or case book
Role of the First Responder - Answer --three tiered response: police, fire department,
emergency medical services
-all scenes must be treated as criminal investigations as any incidence can have
criminal origin
